Direct field measurements are combined with weather data and imagery … South Cascade Glacier is a large alpine glacier in the North Cascades of Washington, USA. Several soil profiles were completed on this moraine. Landing on the glacier when the weather was unsuitable for flying was another matter. High-altitude measurements of meteorological data have been collected since the [...]. On the east side of Mount Daniel the former Hyas Creek Glacier reached an altitude of 1675m terminating west of Peggy’s Pond. Air temperature at 1,615 meters altitude, South Cascade Glacier Basin: a. The glaciers on Mount Rainier decreased in area by 21% between 1913 and 1994 (Nylen, 2004). Snow, ice, and water balances, South Cascade Glacier, 1965 hydrologic and balance years_ 3. It has an altitude range 1630^ 2130mandanareaof2.0km2.Mostprecipitationonthegla-cier falls as snow, withº3m accumulating each winter at the head of the glacier. Trees grow on slopes above the accumulation area of this glacier. Snow density at South Cascade Glacier, April 15, 1992..... 31 8. Mark Meier initially selected South Cascade for long-term study in 1958 after reviewing a number of other candidate glaciers. Rugged topography surrounds the glacier, with relief exceeding 1500 m and peaks reaching 2400 m elevation. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. The Cascade The purpose of this report is to describe and summarize data collected during the 2011 water year. South Cascade Glacier for four different years between 1964 and 1992, during which the glacier was thinning and receding. At the same time that South Cascade Glacier was gaining mass in the early 1970s, Wolverine Glacier was losing mass. Snow density at 1,618 meters altitude in South Cascade Glacier Basin, The Three Sisters are closely spaced volcanic peaks in the U.S. state of Oregon.They are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.Each more than 10,000 feet (3,000 m) in elevation, they are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon. For both the June and August measurements we then calculate snow water equivalent. South Cascade Glacier has the longest history of mass balance measurements in North America and second longest in the world, after Storglaciären in Sweden. Figure 2. Another feature of the PTAAGMB model is the capability to estimate glacier thickness from ice flow velocity and mass balance measurements. 3. South Cascade Glacier (Fig. Glacier crowned Mount Daniels lies on the Cascade Crest 21km south of Stevens Pass. The well-studied South Cascade Glacier shrank by 22% during this time period (USGS), while the Blue Glacier in Olympic National Park saw a terminus retreat of 2% between 1957 and 1997 (Conway et al., 1999). Above Correspondingly, the balance years 2004 and 2005 maximum winter snow balances of South Cascade Glacier, 2.08 and 1.97 meters water equivalent, respectively, were smaller than the average of such balances since 1959. Free topographic maps visualization and sharing. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. In glacier: Mass balance of mountain glaciers …the temperate, maritime glaciers is South Cascade Glacier, in western Washington.Its activity index is high, normally about 17 millimetres per metre (0.2 inch per foot); the yearly snow accumulation averages about 3.1 metres of water-equivalent; and the equilibrium line is at the relatively low altitude of 1,900 metres. This fits well the observations of density of South Cascade Glacier, which for early June of 1993 –1998 yielded a density range of 0.51–0.55 g/cm 3 (Krimmel, 1998). (a) All glaciers are in Queen Elizabeth Islands (Arctic Canada). Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. A researcher collecting a snow core sample from South Cascade Glacier (Source: USGS). The heavy snow accumulation west of the Cascade divide has resulted in a few glaciers being situated below the regional timberline. Graph showing net balance as a function of altitude at South Cascade Glacier, 2000..... 20 Figure 10. For glaciers such as South Cascade Glacier, Washington, and Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, the balance-altitude function reaches a maximum at an altitude lower than the head of the glacier, then decreases slightly at higher altitudes (Meier and others, 197 I), This decrease can be explained, at least partiall y, by accumulation processes. Other Study Locations: Black Rapids Glacier, Alaska ... are combined with weather data and imagery analyses to calculate the seasonal and annual mass balance of each glacier. Meltwater from the glacier flows into South Cascade Lake, the headwaters of the South Fork of the Cascade River. Data was first collected from this glacier in 1959. Results at Mount Rainier also reflect the broader shrinking trends, with the lower-elevation glaciers being particularly hard hit. Above 2,100-m altitude, the snowpack accumulated intermittently throughout the summer and a summer surface formed in July during short periods of melting. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). The altitude at this point on the glacier is about 6200 feet. This glacier has been classified as one of the ‘reference glaciers’ by the World Glacier Monitoring Service because it has received continuous long-term observations dating back to the year 1952/53. 2010). South Cascade Glacier has been in general re-treat since the late 19th century (Miller 1968), and has lost more than one-half its volume during that time. I) is a small valley glacier located in the Cascade Mountains in the north-western corner of the U.S.A. To our knowledge, the “kinematic” (“Hess”) method has not been empirically tested in this way. This glacier is 0.5 km long and covers an area of 0.2 km 2; the mean ELA (equilibrium line altitude) is 3,650 m. Runoff from the 0.97 km 2 basin flows into the Tuolumne River, which flows west into the San Joaquin Valley of California. South Cascade Glacier. South Cascade Glacier is a large alpine glacier in the North Cascades of Washington, USA. According to the map, the glacier was field-checked in1965. Click on title to download individual files attached to this item. The gently sloping glacier surface has an altitude range of 1600– 2100 m over a 3 km centerline length (Figure 1). Supt.ofDocs.no. South Cascade Glacier altitude grid, October 6, 1992..... 30 7. Elevation Range: Approximately 1640-2300 meters. South Cascade Glacier has the longest history of mass balance measurements in North America and second longest in the world after Storglaciären in Sweden. The area of the glacier is about 69 . It is bordered on the east by 8,261-foot (2,518 m) Sentinel Peak, and is about 17 mi (27 km) north of Glacier Peak in the Glacier Peak Wilderness.Meltwater from the glacier flows directly into South Cascade Lake, which feeds the South Fork Cascade River, which is a tributary of the Skagit River. Suba sa yelo ang South Cascade Glacier sa Tinipong Bansa. Snowmelt equaled accumulation at 1,740-m altitude. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Observations by the USGS at South Cascade Glacier indicate that since the mid-1950s, South Cascade Glacier’s cumulative mass balance was -25m, mean annual balance from 1956-1975 averaged -0.15 m/a , and from 1976-2012 averaged -0.75 m/a. Geografiska Annaler Series A Physical Geography 81 (4), 653 – 658. doi: 10.1111/1468-0459.00093. 2 (35 mi. Columbia Glacier is a large (1,100 square kilometers), multi-branched calving glacier in south central Alaska that flows mostly south out of the Chugach Mountains to its tidewater termination in Prince William Sound. Air temperature at 1,631 meters altitude, South Cascade Glacier Basin, 1998 water year..... 26 4. (2020-10-16 09:48), USGS Alaska Science Center - Data Release Backups, USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data, USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data Collection, High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers, High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers (V1.0). South Cascade Glacier area change, 1970 - 2015. It is not known, however, how representative South Cascade Glacier is of NOCA glaciers in general because of the influence of non-climatic factors such as geographic position, aspect and elevation. Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. (Ice and water balances at selected glaciers in the United States) (Geological Survey Professional Paper 715-B) Bibliography: p. Meltwater from the glacier flows directly into South Cascade La 03' o 480 yo 22' EXPLANATION Area of snow cover 3.6 Stake Number is late winter snow balance, in metres Probing point Line of equal winter snow balance Interval I metre. South Cascade Glacier (lat 48°22' N., long 121°03' W., fig. It ranges in elevation from 1630 to 2100 m a.s.I., and its equilibrium-line elevation is at approximately 1870 m a.s.l. Near the glacier terminus, 5 to 6 m of combined snowmelt and ice-melt was measured during the summer. Air temperature at 1,848 meters altitude, South Cascade Glacier Basin, South Cascade Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.35494 -121.05693), Camano Island, Camano, Island County, Washington, 98282, USA (48.16255 -122.49503), Coordinates: 48.05482 -122.53873 48.27026 -122.35619 - Minimum elevation: -1 m - Maximum elevation: 215 m - Average elevation: 38 m, Maple Valley, King County, Washington, 98038, USA (47.36642 -122.04371), Coordinates: 47.34346 -122.06491 47.39808 -122.01604 - Minimum elevation: 104 m - Maximum elevation: 265 m - Average elevation: 167 m, Columbia County, Washington, USA (46.29477 -117.91747), Coordinates: 45.99889 -118.24264 46.62477 -117.60311 - Minimum elevation: 150 m - Maximum elevation: 1,935 m - Average elevation: 711 m, Entiat Glacier, Mount Maude Summit Approach, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.14114 -120.79603), Coordinates: 48.13720 -120.80665 48.14512 -120.78122 - Minimum elevation: 1,230 m - Maximum elevation: 2,790 m - Average elevation: 1,991 m, Bellevue, King County, Washington, USA (47.61442 -122.19234), Coordinates: 47.53501 -122.22281 47.66079 -122.08722 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 898 m - Average elevation: 99 m, Sulphide Glacier, Sulfide Glacier Route, Whatcom County, Washington, USA (48.81236 -121.60459), Coordinates: 48.79483 -121.62059 48.83015 -121.59059 - Minimum elevation: 441 m - Maximum elevation: 2,734 m - Average elevation: 1,539 m, Montesano, Grays Harbor County, Washington, USA (46.98121 -123.60266), Coordinates: 46.96101 -123.63940 47.04560 -123.54218 - Minimum elevation: -1 m - Maximum elevation: 231 m - Average elevation: 66 m, Fairchild Glacier, Mount Carrie Way Trail, Clallam County, Washington, USA (47.90676 -123.62908), Coordinates: 47.90671 -123.62913 47.90681 -123.62903 - Minimum elevation: 631 m - Maximum elevation: 2,101 m - Average elevation: 1,405 m, Cameron Glaciers, Main Fork Dosewallips River Trail, Jefferson County, Washington, USA (47.82703 -123.32657), Coordinates: 47.82698 -123.32662 47.82708 -123.32652 - Minimum elevation: 1,080 m - Maximum elevation: 2,168 m - Average elevation: 1,643 m, Wilson Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.82294 -121.74939), Coordinates: 46.81257 -121.76177 46.83285 -121.74362 - Minimum elevation: 1,370 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,584 m, Mount Terror, Whatcom County, Washington, USA (48.77429 -121.29957), Coordinates: 48.77424 -121.29962 48.77434 -121.29952 - Minimum elevation: 616 m - Maximum elevation: 2,393 m - Average elevation: 1,532 m, Kautz Glacier, Van Trump Trail, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.82511 -121.77379), Coordinates: 46.80886 -121.78501 46.84133 -121.76502 - Minimum elevation: 1,411 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,604 m, Winthrop Glacier, Glacier Basin Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.88780 -121.73497), Coordinates: 46.85544 -121.76124 46.92159 -121.72429 - Minimum elevation: 1,107 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,261 m, So-Bahli-Alhi Glacier, Neiderprum Trail, White Horse, Snohomish County, Washington, USA (48.21369 -121.68068), Coordinates: 48.21114 -121.68683 48.21625 -121.67407 - Minimum elevation: 176 m - Maximum elevation: 2,038 m - Average elevation: 1,002 m, Mount Rainier, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.85286 -121.76054), Coordinates: 46.85281 -121.76059 46.85291 -121.76049 - Minimum elevation: 2,288 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 3,142 m, Yawning Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.44985 -121.03928), Coordinates: 48.44980 -121.03933 48.44990 -121.03923 - Minimum elevation: 864 m - Maximum elevation: 2,367 m - Average elevation: 1,599 m, Mount Shuksan, Whatcom County, Washington, USA (48.83112 -121.60291), Coordinates: 48.83107 -121.60296 48.83117 -121.60286 - Minimum elevation: 830 m - Maximum elevation: 2,734 m - Average elevation: 1,588 m, Terror Glacier, Whatcom County, Washington, USA (48.76543 -121.29240), Coordinates: 48.76011 -121.29686 48.77082 -121.28138 - Minimum elevation: 538 m - Maximum elevation: 2,393 m - Average elevation: 1,526 m, Lyall Glacier, Maple Pass Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.48836 -120.74534), Coordinates: 48.48760 -120.74802 48.48936 -120.74311 - Minimum elevation: 953 m - Maximum elevation: 2,414 m - Average elevation: 1,612 m, Suiattle Glacier, Foam Creek Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.08528 -121.10522), Coordinates: 48.06485 -121.11181 48.10559 -121.07764 - Minimum elevation: 1,319 m - Maximum elevation: 3,199 m - Average elevation: 2,125 m, Sherpa Glacier, Horseshoe Lake Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA (47.47533 -120.88989), Coordinates: 47.47227 -120.89263 47.47854 -120.88416 - Minimum elevation: 1,269 m - Maximum elevation: 2,829 m - Average elevation: 1,821 m, Fryingpan Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.85230 -121.68332), Coordinates: 46.84266 -121.70773 46.86200 -121.66241 - Minimum elevation: 1,519 m - Maximum elevation: 3,305 m - Average elevation: 2,257 m, Enumclaw, King County, Washington, 98022, USA (47.20478 -121.99164), Coordinates: 47.16299 -122.02685 47.24621 -121.94028 - Minimum elevation: 159 m - Maximum elevation: 937 m - Average elevation: 279 m, Quien Sabe Glacier, Sahale Arm Trail, Skagit County, Washington, USA (48.49445 -121.04298), Coordinates: 48.48778 -121.04926 48.50107 -121.03699 - Minimum elevation: 857 m - Maximum elevation: 2,748 m - Average elevation: 1,840 m, Lava Dome, Skamania County, Washington, USA (46.19636 -122.18836), Coordinates: 46.19631 -122.18841 46.19641 -122.18831 - Minimum elevation: 1,152 m - Maximum elevation: 2,525 m - Average elevation: 1,657 m, Sahale Glacier, Sahale Arm Trail, Skagit County, Washington, USA (48.48740 -121.04111), Coordinates: 48.48560 -121.04529 48.48930 -121.03626 - Minimum elevation: 885 m - Maximum elevation: 2,748 m - Average elevation: 1,826 m, Stuart Glacier, Horseshoe Lake Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA (47.47910 -120.90128), Coordinates: 47.47716 -120.90596 47.48112 -120.89476 - Minimum elevation: 1,301 m - Maximum elevation: 2,829 m - Average elevation: 1,832 m, Company Glacier, Cloudy Pass Trail #1256, Holden Village, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.24624 -120.86427), Coordinates: 48.24619 -120.86432 48.24629 -120.86422 - Minimum elevation: 1,201 m - Maximum elevation: 2,834 m - Average elevation: 1,905 m, Spire Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA (48.32122 -121.08133), Coordinates: 48.31695 -121.09216 48.32544 -121.07009 - Minimum elevation: 926 m - Maximum elevation: 2,550 m - Average elevation: 1,719 m, Jeffers Glacier, Humes Glacier Route, Jefferson County, Washington, USA (47.77859 -123.67429), Coordinates: 47.77394 -123.68184 47.78314 -123.66516 - Minimum elevation: 472 m - Maximum elevation: 2,381 m - Average elevation: 1,464 m, Puyallup Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.84773 -121.81941), Coordinates: 46.83897 -121.85024 46.85650 -121.79577 - Minimum elevation: 1,188 m - Maximum elevation: 4,234 m - Average elevation: 2,341 m, Olympic Mountains, Jefferson County, Washington, 98305, USA (47.74760 -123.52537), Coordinates: 47.28668 -124.35425 48.14227 -122.90680 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 2,328 m - Average elevation: 504 m, No Name Glacier, Hadley Peak Route, Whatcom County, Washington, USA (48.80939 -121.81776), Coordinates: 48.80437 -121.83154 48.81428 -121.81320 - Minimum elevation: 1,012 m - Maximum elevation: 3,189 m - Average elevation: 1,865 m, Honeycomb Glacier, Snohomish County, Washington, USA (48.07074 -121.07314), Coordinates: 48.06190 -121.09106 48.07992 -121.04421 - Minimum elevation: 1,228 m - Maximum elevation: 2,756 m - Average elevation: 1,940 m, Carrie Glacier, Bailey Range Way Trail, Jefferson County, Washington, USA (47.89148 -123.63463), Coordinates: 47.89143 -123.63468 47.89153 -123.63458 - Minimum elevation: 563 m - Maximum elevation: 2,101 m - Average elevation: 1,399 m, Tahoma Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.83828 -121.81108), Coordinates: 46.82273 -121.83772 46.85390 -121.77104 - Minimum elevation: 1,425 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,606 m, Nisqually Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.82564 -121.74256), Coordinates: 46.80118 -121.76167 46.85030 -121.73570 - Minimum elevation: 1,469 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,668 m, Snow Creek Glacier, Little Annapurna summit trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA (47.47155 -120.81577), Coordinates: 47.46953 -120.81784 47.47347 -120.81297 - Minimum elevation: 1,072 m - Maximum elevation: 2,665 m - Average elevation: 1,890 m, Dusty Glacier, Pacific Crest Trail, Snohomish County, Washington, USA (48.12609 -121.09943), Coordinates: 48.11865 -121.11272 48.13349 -121.08732 - Minimum elevation: 1,364 m - Maximum elevation: 3,199 m - Average elevation: 2,099 m, Whitman Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.83996 -121.69163), Coordinates: 46.82872 -121.70850 46.85115 -121.67629 - Minimum elevation: 1,412 m - Maximum elevation: 3,597 m - Average elevation: 2,318 m, Glacier Peak, Snohomish County, Washington, USA (48.11185 -121.11422), Coordinates: 48.11180 -121.11427 48.11190 -121.11417 - Minimum elevation: 1,293 m - Maximum elevation: 3,199 m - Average elevation: 2,134 m, Mount Dana, Jefferson County, Washington, USA (47.79120 -123.48546), Coordinates: 47.79115 -123.48551 47.79125 -123.48541 - Minimum elevation: 503 m - Maximum elevation: 1,882 m - Average elevation: 1,086 m, Success Glacier, Van Trump Trail, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.82751 -121.78066), Coordinates: 46.82048 -121.78492 46.83459 -121.77455 - Minimum elevation: 1,469 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,645 m, Cowlitz Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.82570 -121.70909), Coordinates: 46.81074 -121.74143 46.84252 -121.68911 - Minimum elevation: 1,498 m - Maximum elevation: 4,384 m - Average elevation: 2,464 m, Sholes Glacier, Park Glacier Route, Whatcom County, Washington, USA (48.81174 -121.76817), Coordinates: 48.80225 -121.78831 48.82126 -121.75583 - Minimum elevation: 980 m - Maximum elevation: 3,041 m - Average elevation: 1,668 m, Banded Glacier, Fisher Creek Trail, Skagit County, Washington, USA (48.54457 -120.95233), Coordinates: 48.54452 -120.95238 48.54462 -120.95228 - Minimum elevation: 1,098 m - Maximum elevation: 2,746 m - Average elevation: 1,785 m, Cascade Range, Skamania County, Washington, USA (44.80295 -122.09603), Coordinates: 40.25228 -123.33252 49.65163 -119.56421 - Minimum elevation: 0 m - Maximum elevation: 4,187 m - Average elevation: 841 m, Paradise Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.81994 -121.71742), Coordinates: 46.80531 -121.72767 46.83006 -121.70836 - Minimum elevation: 1,334 m - Maximum elevation: 4,306 m - Average elevation: 2,280 m, Lillian Glacier, Cameron Pass Trail, Jefferson County, Washington, USA (47.85203 -123.37712), Coordinates: 47.85198 -123.37717 47.85208 -123.37707 - Minimum elevation: 942 m - Maximum elevation: 2,159 m - Average elevation: 1,607 m, Emmons Glacier, Glacier Basin Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA (46.86748 -121.71519), Coordinates: 46.84861 -121.75389 46.88796 -121.67228 - Minimum elevation: 1,469 m - Maximum elevation: 4,363 m - Average elevation: 2,537 m, South Cascade Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Camano Island, Camano, Island County, Washington, 98282, USA, Maple Valley, King County, Washington, 98038, USA, Entiat Glacier, Mount Maude Summit Approach, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Sulphide Glacier, Sulfide Glacier Route, Whatcom County, Washington, USA, Montesano, Grays Harbor County, Washington, USA, Fairchild Glacier, Mount Carrie Way Trail, Clallam County, Washington, USA, Cameron Glaciers, Main Fork Dosewallips River Trail, Jefferson County, Washington, USA, Wilson Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Mount Terror, Whatcom County, Washington, USA, Kautz Glacier, Van Trump Trail, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Winthrop Glacier, Glacier Basin Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA, So-Bahli-Alhi Glacier, Neiderprum Trail, White Horse, Snohomish County, Washington, USA, Mount Rainier, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Yawning Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Mount Shuksan, Whatcom County, Washington, USA, Terror Glacier, Whatcom County, Washington, USA, Lyall Glacier, Maple Pass Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Suiattle Glacier, Foam Creek Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Sherpa Glacier, Horseshoe Lake Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Fryingpan Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Enumclaw, King County, Washington, 98022, USA, Quien Sabe Glacier, Sahale Arm Trail, Skagit County, Washington, USA, Lava Dome, Skamania County, Washington, USA, Sahale Glacier, Sahale Arm Trail, Skagit County, Washington, USA, Stuart Glacier, Horseshoe Lake Trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Company Glacier, Cloudy Pass Trail #1256, Holden Village, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Spire Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Jeffers Glacier, Humes Glacier Route, Jefferson County, Washington, USA, Puyallup Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Olympic Mountains, Jefferson County, Washington, 98305, USA, No Name Glacier, Hadley Peak Route, Whatcom County, Washington, USA, Honeycomb Glacier, Snohomish County, Washington, USA, Carrie Glacier, Bailey Range Way Trail, Jefferson County, Washington, USA, Tahoma Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Nisqually Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Snow Creek Glacier, Little Annapurna summit trail, Chelan County, Washington, USA, Dusty Glacier, Pacific Crest Trail, Snohomish County, Washington, USA, Whitman Glacier, Wonderland Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Glacier Peak, Snohomish County, Washington, USA, Mount Dana, Jefferson County, Washington, USA, Success Glacier, Van Trump Trail, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Cowlitz Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Sholes Glacier, Park Glacier Route, Whatcom County, Washington, USA, Banded Glacier, Fisher Creek Trail, Skagit County, Washington, USA, Cascade Range, Skamania County, Washington, USA, Paradise Glacier, Camp Muir Route, Paradise, Pierce County, Washington, USA, Lillian Glacier, Cameron Pass Trail, Jefferson County, Washington, USA, Emmons Glacier, Glacier Basin Trail, Pierce County, Washington, USA. South Cascade Lake 2.2 3.0 3.7. Steady state glacier = ~65% accum area What are the consequences of a rise or fall of the ELA? Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Accordingtothe map, theglacier was field-checkedin1965. Since mass balance measurements began in 1958, 28 years have had negative balances. At the same time that South Cascade Glacier was gaining mass in the early 1970s, Wolverine Glacier … The theoretical pattern compares well, in a broad sense, with the flow pattern determined from tracer injections in 1986 and 1987. This valley glacier occupies roughly … The average thickness of South Cascade Glacier was found to be 83 meters in 1965, based on flow velocity and balance measurements. South Cascade Glacier is a large alpine glacier in the North Cascades of Washington, USA. South Cascade Glacier, Ptarmigan Traverse, Chelan County, Washington, USA ( 48.35494 -121.05693 ) Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. Altitude: 3 285 m, Mont Baker ... Il s'agit de montagnes principalement non volcaniques mais qui incluent les stratovolcans du mont Baker et du pic Glacier, qui font partie de l'arc volcanique des Cascades (en anglais : Cascade Volcanic Arc). Seasonal mass balance has been monitored at this ablation stake site since 1957. equilibrium-line altitude 1,200 m, activity index 9 mm/m, winter balance 2.5 m, and annual exchange 5.5 m; South Cascade Glacier ... South Cascade Glacier for the hydrologic years ending on September 30, 1965 and 1966, and results from Gul- kana and Wolverine Glaciers for the hydrologic year Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. South Cascade Glacier is a north-northwest facing valley glacier located along the crest of the North Cascades Range of northwestern Washington State (Meier and Tangborn, 1965; Bidlake et. South Cascade Sperry Wolverine. We turned back to Kenmore many times when DESCRIPTION. It spans 1300 m of elevation, from 1160 to 2470 m. The glacier is in a 31.5 km 2 basin and in 2016 it had an area of 16.0 km 2 (O'Neel et al, 2019). Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). Ice ablation averaged about 44 mm of water per day during the melt season. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). The glacier is in a north-northwest facing valley with an altitude range of 1600–2100 meters (Bidlake et al. Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. The canyon was formed by glaciers which retreated at the end of the last glacial maximum approximately 15,000 years ago. Instrumentation at South Cascade Glacier during the 1965 hydrologic year_____ _ _____ A13 2. DESCRIPTION. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). Prior to 1980, it had a long history of stability, with a length of 66 kilometers (41 miles), and small, short-lived advances or retreats. al, 2010) (figure 1). > South Cascade Glacier Click on the map to display elevation . Direct field measurements are combined with weather data and imagery analyses to estimate the seasonal and annual mass balance at each glacier in both a conventional and reference surface format (Cogley and others, 2011). South Cascade Glacier is a temperate mountain glacier located in the Cascade Mountains, Washington. Contour map of South Cascade Glacier,Washington, U.S.A., from the United States Geologic Survey Dome Peak 7.5’quadrangle. 6. South Cascade Glacier lost mass at an almost constant rate during the late 1950s to the late 1960s, then gained mass until 1976, and has been losing mass at a fairly constant and rapid rate since 1977. In recent times South Cascade Glacier shows evidence of advances in 2700-2900 B.C., the 16th century, and the middle and late 19th century (Meier, 1964). Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. South Cascade Glacier, located just outside NOCA, has been monitored by the U.S.G.S.-Water Resources Division for over 30 years. Glacier Thickness Calculation. Combined Ice and Water Balances of Maclure Glacier, California, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers, Alaska, 1967 Hydrologic Year: GULKANA GLACIER . Air temperature at 1,848 meters altitude, South Cascade Glacier Basin, 1997 water year..... 22 4. In 1968, the area was 2.66 km2 and in 1997 it was 1.98 km2. 3) is located in the North Cascades of Washington. 1). South Cascade Glacier as seen in 1928 (left) and 2006 (right) (Source: USGS). Our Research: Our group studies mass change at five glaciers (Gulkana, Lemon Creek, South Cascade, Sperry, Wolverine) in North America using field and remote sensing techniques.To do so, we measure snow accumulation and snow and ice melt at specific locations on the glaciers, then extrapolate those point observations across the entire glacier surface. Snow depths at South Cascade Glacier, May 9, 1997 ..... 23 5. The terminal moraine is covered by MA. Click on title to download individual files attached to this item, Build Version: 2.169.0-62-g42d95ae-0 2) and numerous unnamed permanent snow or ice patches (Nylen 2002). It is bordered on the east by 8,261-foot (2,518 m) Sentinel Peak, and is about 17 mi (27 km) north of Glacier Peak in the Glacier Peak Wilderness. 1. Table1.Theglaciersusedinthisstudy Glacier Country Latitude Area in1995 Yearsof ELArecords km2 Peyto Canada 51.40‡ N 13.35 25 White Canada 79.27‡ N 38.9 19 Cascade Canyon is located in Grand Teton National Park, in the U.S. state of Wyoming. Elevation: 3,286 m (10,781 ft) Dimensions; Length: 434.5 km (270.0 mi) North-South: Width: 241 km (150 mi) East-West: Geography South Cascade Glacier (48.36‡ N, 121.06‡ W) is a small, north-facing, temperate glacier on the crest of the North Cascade Range of northwesternWashington, 250km from the Pacific Ocean (Fig. TABLE 1. €A Kenmore Air Harbor Beaver after landing on South Cascade Glacier and poised to take off down glacier. South Cascade Glacier in Washington experiences some of the highest precipitation levels in the lower 48 states of the USA, exceeding 4500mm per annum in some places. glaciers is needed. Direct field measurements are combined with weather data and imagery analyses to estimate the seasonal and annual mass balance at each glacier in both a conventional and reference surface format (Cogley and others, 2011). Differences between the patterns may result from the routing of surface meltwater in crevasses prior to entering the body of the glacier. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Combined ice and water balances of Maclure Glacier, California, South Cascade Glacier, Washington, and Wolverine and Gulkana Glaciers, Alaska, 1967 hydrologic year. This kind of retreating is the result of climate change which has significantly increased due to … at South Cascade Glacier by US Geological Survey (USGS), and globally. South Cascade Glacier in Washington documented from 1928 to 2003 showing the recent rapid glacier retreating. It is bordered on the east by 8,261-foot (2,518 m) Sentinel Peak, and is about 17 mi (27 km) north of Glacier Peak in the Glacier Peak Wilderness.Meltwater from the glacier flows directly into South Cascade Lake, which feeds the South Fork Cascade River, which is a tributary of the Skagit River. Lyman Glacier, Highline Trail, Yakima County, Washington, USA - Visualisation et partage de cartes topographiques gratuites. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to complement data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). The South Cascade Glacier annual balance in 1966 (-0.94 m) was considerably more negative mainly owing to the deficient winter snowpack (the late-winter balance was only 2.52 m) and the warm dry summer. €A Kenmore Air Harbor Beaver after landing on South Cascade Glacier and poised to take off down glacier. Krimmel, RM (1999) Analysis of difference between direct and Geodetic mass balance measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington. Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at three North American glaciers. This paper examines the correspondence between the kinematic and observed ELA. Ang South Cascade Glacier nahimutang sa kondado sa Skagit County ug estado sa Washington, sa amihanan-kasadpang bahin sa nasod, 3,600 km sa kasadpan sa ulohang dakbayan Washington, D.C. 1,871 metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa South Cascade Glacier.. Ang yuta palibot sa South Cascade Glacier kay kasagaran … Glaciers are a defining feature of MORA; as of 1994 there were 27 major glaciers on Mount Rainier with a combined area of 90 km. Gulkana Glacier (lat 63°15' N., long 145°28' W., fig 7) is a branched valley glacier on the south flank of the Alaska Range. South Cascade Glacier, which has a mean altitude of 1,875 m, is the lowest large glacier in the North Cascades. The A1 of South Cascade Glacier, 17 mm/m, is relatively high; ELA, 1,900 m, is moderately low; the winter balance, 3.1 m, is high; and the annual exchange, 6.6 m, is also high. The North Cascade Range in the vicinity of South Cascade Glacier accumulated smaller than normal winter snowpacks during water years 2004 and 2005. South Cascade Glacier is located at 48.355278, -121.0575 within the Cascade Range in Washington State. Air temperature at 1,631 meters altitude, South Cascade Glacier Basin, 1995 water year..... 27 4. The results confirm stake measurements at South Cascade Glacier in the North Cascades, showing significant loss over the past 60 years. High Altitude Weather Station Data at USGS Benchmark Glaciers ... Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Snow depths at South Cascade Glacier, April 15-16, 1992 ..... 32 9. By looking at this photo it's clear to see how quickly the glaciers are retreating in the modern world. Landing on the glacier when the weather was unsuitable for flying was another matter. Graphs showing air temperature near South Cascade Glacier during the 2001 water year..... 21 Figure 11. Maclure Glacier (lat 37O45' N., 3,650-m (metres) mean equilibrium line altitude) had an above normal winter balance of 3.46 m and a positive annual balance of 1.05 m (metres of water equivalent). Location: Latitude: 48°21'23.00"N, Longitude: 121°3'26.65"W. Area: 2015 = 1.8 km 2. South Cascade Glacier lost mass at an almost constant rate during the late 1950s to the late 1960s, then gained mass until 1976, and has been losing mass at a fairly constant and rapid rate since 1977. Air temperature at 1,848 meters altitude, South Cascade Glacier Basin, Coordinates: 47.82698 -123.32662 47.82708 -123.32652 - Minimum elevation: 1,080 m - Maximum elevation: 2,168 m - Average elevation: 1,643 m La partie située au Canada est appelée Cascade Mountains par les Canadiens [1] et Canadian Cascades par les habitants des États-Unis. Files are described in detail within the release. ... and the input point measurements and elevation data used for these calculations. The altitude at this point on the glacier is about 6200 feet. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. Fig. Change in glacier volume, ΔV, derived from mass balance measurements on 37 glaciers in five regions in the Northern Hemisphere in recent decades, and a global average. 3. Additional measurements have been made on Lemon Creek Glacier, AK to compliment data collected by the Juneau Icefield Research Program (JIRP; Pelto and others, 2013). Mark Meier initially selected South Cascade for long-term study in 1958 after reviewing a number of other candidate glaciers. Contour map of South Cascade Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., from the United States Geologic Survey Dome Peak 7.5′ quadrangle. South Cascade Glacier (lat 48'22' N., 1,900-m mean equilibrium line altitude) had a winter balance of 3.28 m, slightly above average. The 2004 glacier summer … The main trunk of the glacier has a southerly aspect, and is fed by four cirques with west, south, and east aspects. 3. Instrumentation at South Cascade Glacier during the 1966 hydrologic year_ _____ 4. : I 19.16:715-B 1.