[78][nb 2] The Kaqchikel people abandoned their city and fled to the forests and hills on 28 August 1524. IV. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. Maria Alvarado 1522 - Unknown. From the natives they received a few gold trinkets and news of the riches of the Aztec Empire to the west. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. [31], At Champotón, the fleet was approached by a small number of large war canoes, but the ships' cannon soon put them to flight. Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 764. Juan Godoy Alvarado's bio. The conquest of Cuba was launched in 1511, and Pedro de Alvarado was accompanied by his brothers. Relations between the Spaniards and their hosts were uneasy, especially given Cortés' repeated insistence that the Aztecs desist from idol worship and human sacrifice; in order to ensure their own safety, the Spaniards took the Aztec king Moctezuma hostage. Recinos 1986, pp. Cortés' and Sandoval's companies joined him there after four more days of fighting. “y la imagen de tohil tambien fue destruida. His governorship of Honduras was not uncontested, however. [17], Very little is known of Pedro de Alvarado's early life before his arrival in the Americas. Alvarado, aparte de múltiples deudas, dejó seis hijos naturales, entre ellas Leonor fruto de la unión con la princesa Xicotenga de Tlaxcala. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. [47][page needed]. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born at the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, conquistador and man of the trust of his father in law, whom he accompanied during the conquest of Mexico and Guatemala, participating in numerous battles against the Indians. Sign up now! Ten days later the Spanish declared war on the Kaqchikel. In the battle that ensued, the Spanish and their indigenous allies suffered minor losses but the Pipil were able to flee into the forest, sheltered from Spanish pursuit by the weather and the vegetation. Autor: Jesús María García Añoveros Retrato de Alvarado. conoció con el nombre de Luisa Xicotenga. As governor of Guatemala, Alvarado has been described by W. George Lovell et al. Garci Sánchez de Varado or de Alvarado, 2. [14] Pedro de Alvarado's uncle on his father's side was Diego de Alvarado y Messía,[15] who was the comendador of Lobón, Puebla, and Montijo, alcalde of Montánchez, and lord of Castellanos and of Cubillana. His K'iche opponent Tecún Umán is a national hero whose likeness appears on the 1/2 Quetzal note. After making an alliance with the Tlaxcalteca, the Spanish went on to conquer the Aztecs. Recinos 1998, p. 29. In 1528, by coincidence both Alvarado and Cortés were in Seville at the same time, but Cortés ignored him.[91]. [19], Alvarado's paternal grandfather was Juan Alvarado "el Viejo" ("the elder"), who was comendador of Hornachos, and his paternal grandmother was Catalina Messía. The expedition continued far enough to confirm the reality of the gold-rich empire,[34] sailing as far north as Pánuco River. He divided up the Indian labor in repartimiento grants to his soldiers and some of the colonists, and returned to Guatemala. [30], Alvarado once again commanded the San Sabastián, with 60 men under his orders. Y la exploración de América está llena de gentes como el, como bien citas. Schele & Mathews 1999, p. 297. Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 765. IV. [48]:377–378,381,384–385,388–389 Alvarado's company was the first to make it to the Tlateloco marketplace, setting fire to the Aztec shrines. Casó en dos ocasiones: primero con Teresa Suárez de Moscoso y Figueroa, y en segundo lugar con Leonor de Contreras. Pedro de Alvarado's mother was Diego's second wife, Leonor de Contrera… Find a girlfriend or lover in Alvarado, or just have fun flirting online with Alvarado single girls. [32] At Campeche the Spanish opened fire against the city with small cannon; the inhabitants fled, allowing the Spanish to take the abandoned city. Pedro de Alvarado, famous conquistador. [20] By 1511 a system of licenses had been established in Spain to control the flow of colonists to the New World. A new expedition was organised, with a fleet of eleven ships carrying 500 men and some horses. Although renowned for his skill as a soldier, Alvarado is known also for the cruelty of his treatment of native populations, and mass murders committed in the subjugation of … 2. “Doña Luisa”: la hija del cacique tlaxcalteco Xicotenga y amante de Pedro de Alvarado, el conquistador de México y Guatemala; 3. “Doña Beatriz”: Beatriz de la Cueva, la segunda esposa de Pedro de Alvarado, la que falleció en la inundación de Santiago de los Caballeros en 1541; 4. Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 759. [41] From Potonchán, the fleet continued to San Juan de Ulua. [71], The Kaqchikel appear to have entered into an alliance with the Spanish to defeat their enemies, the Tz'utujil, whose capital was Tecpan Atitlan. Clendinnen 2003, p. 14. These efforts established many towns such as San José Acatempa in 1525 and Esquipulas in 1560. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded Spanish city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conqueror trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. 4 AGI, Audiencia de Guatemala, Legajo 128, “Un Libro de Tasaciones de los Naturales del as Provincias de Guatemala, Nicaragua, Yucatan y Pueblos de Comayagua, año de 1548 a 1551.” Seven hundred of these came as part of the pueblo of Çacatepeque and twenty from Joanagaçapa. The Schele and Fahsen dates are used in this section. Even today, Alvarado's cruelty is legendary: Guatemalans who do not know much about their history will recoil at his name. [58] On 8 February 1524 Alvarado's army fought a battle at Xetulul, called Zapotitlán by his Mexican allies (modern San Francisco Zapotitlán). [36], As punishment for entering the Papaloapan River without orders, Grijalva sent Alvarado with the ship San Sebastián to relay news of the discoveries back to Cuba. [84], In Guazacapán, Pedro de Alvarado described his encounter with people who were neither Maya nor Pipil, speaking a different language altogether; these people were probably Xinca. But more so than his wives his vital companion was Luisa de Tlaxcala (also called Xicoténcalt or Tecubalsi, her original names after Catholic baptism), an Indian noblewoman, daughter of the Tlaxcaltec Chief Xicotenga. 764–765. Alvarado y Contreras, (Conquistador de México y Guatemala) (de) 1485-1541, son of Gómez de Alvarado y Mexia de Sandoval, Comendador de Lobón, Puebla, Montijo y Cubillana and Leonor Gutiérrez de Contrera y Trejos, married to Francisca de la Cueva y Benavides, Beatriz de la Cueva y Benavides, María Luisa Xiconténcatl y Tecubalsi,. He was made Knight of Santiago in 1527. Alvarado led the first effort by Spanish forces to extend their dominion to the nation of Cuzcatlán (El Salvador), in June 1524. Alvarado, afraid of being mocked, walked out onto the pole with both sword and cloak, and turned around at the end to return to the tower facing it. Alvarado's inhumanity to native populations is depicted in various sources, including the Lienzo de Quauhquechollan, wherein it is documented that he enslaved natives, and murdered them by means such as hanging, burning, and throwing them alive to dogs.[2]. Levy, Buddy. Schele & Mathews 1999, p. 297. At first, Alvarado allied himself with the Kakchiquel nation in his conquest of their traditional rivals, the Quiché nation, but his cruelties alienated the Kakchiquel, and he needed several years to stamp out resistance in the region. [55], Alvarado was received in peace in Soconusco, and the inhabitants swore allegiance to the Spanish Crown. Alvarado best 100% FREE online dating site. Sus padres, Gómez de Alvarado y Messía, comendador de Lobón (Badajoz), y Leonor de Contreras, de estirpe noble aunque de escasa hacienda, dejaron abundante prole, compuesta de seis hermanos y tres hermanas. Alvarado's close friendship with Cortés was broken in the same year; Alvarado had promised Cortés that he would marry Cecilia Vázquez, Cortes' cousin. A banner pole extended some 3.0 to 3.7 metres (10 to 12 ft) from an upper window. 12. abril de 1539 arribó la flotilla, sin más inconvenientes, a P uerto Caballos, en la. When he arrived, he found the land already held by Francisco Pizarro's lieutenant Sebastian de Belalcazar. [26] He placed his nephew Juan de Grijalva in overall command;[27] Pedro de Alvarado captained one of the ships. This marriage gave Alvarado extra leverage at court and was far more useful to his long term interests; Alvarado thereafter maintained a friendship with Francisco de los Cobos that allowed him access to the king's favour. He divided up the Indian labor in repartimiento grants to his soldiers and some of the colonists, and returned to Guatemala. His letters show no interest in civil matters, and he only discussed exploration and war. [77], On 8 May 1524, Pedro de Alvarado continued southwards to the Pacific coastal plain with an army numbering approximately 6000,[nb 4] where he defeated the Pipil of Panacal or Panacaltepeque near Izcuintepeque on 9 May. This battle took place on 18 April. "[13] In his easy recourse to violence, Alvarado was a product of his time, and Alvarado was not the only conquistador to have resorted to such actions. Thomas, Hugh. Messengers from the city of Pazaco, in the modern department of Jutiapa,[89] offered peace to the conquistadors but when Alvarado arrived there the next day the inhabitants were preparing for war. Pedro de Alvarado camped in the centre of the city and sent out scouts to find the enemy. She died in 1535 and was buried at the Guatemala Cathedral. Resumen los empeños de una casa preparatoria. Casó en dos ocasiones: primero con Teresa Suárez de Moscoso y Figueroa, y en segundo lugar con Leonor de Contreras. At great cost, he assembled and equipped 13 ships and approximately 550 soldiers for the expedition. The siege was part of a major revolt by the Mixtón natives of the Nueva Galicia region of Mexico. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded Spanish city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conqueror trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. [40] In Tabasco, the fleet anchored at Potonchán,[41] a Chontal Maya town. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born at the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married first Pedro de Portocarrero, conquistador; a man who had the trust of his father in law, whom he accompanied during the conquest of Mexico and Guatemala, participating in numerous battles against the Indians. Gutierre González de Trejo, 7. Alvarado best 100% FREE online dating site. With Luisa de Tlaxcala he had three children: By other women, in concealed and occasional love affairs, he had two other children: C. S. Forester's 1937 novel The Happy Return, set in Central America in 1808, features a character El Supremo who claims to be a descendant of Alvarado by a (fictional) marriage to a daughter of Moctezuma. 1485 – Guadalajara, New Spain, 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala. [30], At the Papaloapan River, Alvarado ordered his ship upriver, leaving the rest of the small fleet behind to wait for him at the river mouth. In 1528 the conquest of Cuzcatlán was completed and the city of San Salvador was established. [63], In March 1524 Pedro de Alvarado entered Q'umarkaj at the invitation of the remaining lords of the K'iche' after their catastrophic defeat,[64] fearing that he was entering a trap. Fowler 1985, p. 41. [85], Alvarado's army continued eastwards from Atiquipaque, seizing several more Xinca cities. Tipos como Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, explorador, naufrago y etnologo autodidacta no son nada sospechosos de genocidas. In a bloody nocturnal action of 1 July 1520, known as La Noche Triste, Alvarado led the rear-guard and was badly wounded. The Spanish and their allies arrived at the lakeshore after a day's hard march, without encountering any opposition. [48]:286,294,296 In a bloody nocturnal action of 10 July 1520, known as La Noche Triste, Alvarado led the rear-guard and was badly wounded. Luisa was given by her father in 1519 to Hernán Cortés as a proof of respect and friendship. Alvar García de Bejarano or de Orellana, Señor de Orellana la Nueva, 3. [1] He participated in the conquest of Cuba, in Juan de Grijalva's exploration of the coasts of Yucatan and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the conquest of Mexico led by Hernán Cortés. On 12 February 1524 Alvarado's Mexican allies were ambushed in the pass and driven back by K'iche' warriors but the Spanish cavalry charge that followed was a shock for the K'iche', who had never before seen horses. But more so than his wives his vital companion was Luisa de Tlaxcala (also called Xicoténcalt or Tecubalsi, her original names after Catholic baptism), an Indian noblewoman, daughter of the Tlaxcaltec Chief Xicotenga. [24] Soon after the invasion, Alvarado was managing a prosperous hacienda in the new colony. Opposite a populated island the Spanish at last encountered hostile Tz'utujil warriors and charged among them, scattering and pursuing them to a narrow causeway across which the surviving Tz'utujil fled. The battle took place on 26 May 1524 and resulted in a significant reduction of the Xinca population. [38] The crew included officers that would become famous conquistadors, including Cristóbal de Olid, Gonzalo de Sandoval and Diego de Ordaz. But, underneath this showy exterior, the future conqueror of Guatemala concealed a heart rash, rapacious, and cruel. Alvarado had no children from either of his legal marriages. [49] When Cortés returned to Tenochtitlan, he found the Spanish force under siege. 4 AGI, Audiencia de Guatemala, Legajo 128, “Un Libro de Tasaciones de los Naturales del as Provincias de Guatemala, Nicaragua, Yucatan y Pueblos de Comayagua, año de 1548 a 1551.” Seven hundred of these came as part of the pueblo of Çacatepeque and twenty from Joanagaçapa. Alvarado was wounded on his left thigh, remaining handicapped for the rest of his life. COnquest: Montezuma, Cortes, and the Fall of Old Mexico. [30] Grijalva was coldly received by the governor, who Alvarado had turned against him, claiming much of the glory of the expedition for himself. "Conquistador and Colonial Elites of Central America (list)", http://web.archive.org/web/20100616174716/http://eclectic.ss.uci.edu/linkages/datasets/p-connew.txt, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01372d.htm%7Ceditors=, http://www.archive.org/details/astatisticaland00bailgoog, Articles with Spanish-language external links, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Spanish colonial governors and administrators, 16. Alvarado developed a plan to outfit an armada that would sail from the western coast of Mexico to China and the Spice Islands. Gall 1967, pp. Y también le hablaron a Cortés tres caballeros que fueron Pedro de Alvarado y Juan Velazquez de León y Francisco de Lugo, y dijeron a Cortés: "Muy bien dice el padre, y vuesa merced con lo que ha hecho cumple, y no se toque más a estos caciques sobre el caso"; y así se hizo. Badajoz, 1485 – Guadalajara (México), 4.VII.1541. Así es, en la novela de Rosario Aguilar las mujeres se salen del esquema maniqueo, que the Spanish arrival at Iximche on 12 April rather than 14 April) based on vague dating in Spanish primary records. After the death of her husband, de la Cueva maneuvered her own election and succeeded him as governor of Guatemala, becoming the only woman to govern a major political division of the Americas in Spanish colonial times. [86] Alvarado and his army defeated and occupied the most important Xinca city, named as Atiquipaque. [18] An example is the tale then current that when he was a youth awaiting passage to the Americas, he climbed the church tower in Seville with some friends. Alvarado joined Cortés to participate in the conquest of Cuba,[23] under the command of Diego de Velázquez. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born at the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married first Pedro de Portocarrero, conquistador; a man who had the trust of his father in law, whom he accompanied during the conquest of Mexico and Guatemala, participating in numerous battles against the Indians. When Cortés returned to Tenochtitlan, he found the Spanish force under siege. Seeing the lack of resistance, Alvarado rode ahead with 30 cavalry along the lake shore. Matthew 2012, pp. una nueva estirpe nos fue enviada.” no. [41] Some of the Spaniards stayed near the coast when Cortés journeyed inland but Alvarado accompanied Cortés on the inland march. Diego Gómez de Alvarado y Mexía de Sandoval. [3] The siege was part of a major revolt by the Mixtón natives of the Nueva Galicia region of Mexico. [53] Alvarado's army included hardened veterans of the conquest of the Aztecs, and included cavalry and artillery;[54] there were also a great many indigenous allies from Cholula, Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlaxcala, and Xochimilco. Alvarado was the Spanish family of conquistadors.. Diego Gómez de Alvarado y Mexía de Sandoval. Spanish efforts were firmly resisted by the indigenous people known as the Pipil and their Mayan speaking neighbors. Four decades after Alvarado's death, his daughter Leonor de Alvarado Xicoténcatl paid to transport his remains to Guatemala for reburial in the cathedral of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, now Antigua Guatemala. [88] Alvarado sent out Xinca messengers to make contact with the enemy but they failed to return. [87], This was a serious setback and Alvarado camped his army in Nancintla for eight days, during which time he sent two expeditions against the attacking army. Alvarado had no issue from either of his marriages. Hernán Cortés was placed in command;[30] Pedro de Alvarado and his brothers Jorge, Gómez and Juan "El Bastardo" joined the expedition. Bio: Mexicana, estudié medicina y estoy interesada en aprender a escribir. Gall 1967, p. 41. She drowned a few days after taking office in the destruction of the capital city Ciudad Vieja by a sudden flow from the Volcán de Agua in 1541. Alvarado gathered his troops and went to help Oñate. Spanish efforts were firmly resisted by the indigenous people known as the Pipil and their Mayan speaking neighbors. the Commander of municipalities including Lobón, Montijo and Cubillana, Alcalde of Montánchez, Trece of the Order of Santiago, Lord of Castellanos, a Maestresala official instructor of Henry IV of Castile and General of the Frontier of Portugal. Although suffering many injuries inflicted by defending K'iche' archers, the Spanish and their allies stormed the town and set up camp in the marketplace. Garci Sánchez de Varado or de Alvarado, 2. Pedro de Alvarado is a character in the opera La Conquista (2005) by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero, which depicts the major episodes of the Spanish conquest of Mexico in 1521 and the subsequent destruction of the Aztec civilization. After the death of her husband, Beatriz de la Cueva maneuvered her own election and succeeded him as governor of Guatemala, becoming the only woman to govern a major political division of the Americas in Spanish colonial times.[4]. [45] While marching toward Tenochtitlan, the expedition made a slight detour to travel through Tlaxcalteca lands. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. [46], Alvarado commanded one of the eleven vessels in the fleet and also acted as Cortés' second in command during the expedition's first stay in the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlán. The fleet was about to set sail in 1541 when Alvarado received a letter from Cristóbal de Oñate, pleading for help against hostile Indians who were besieging him at Nochistlán.[48]:Ch.203. [35] A little further along the coast, the fleet encountered settlements under Aztec dominion, and was met by Aztec emissaries with gifts of gold and jewels sent by the Emperor Moctezuma II. 1st wife Fransisca de Cueva, 2nd - her cousin Beatriz de la Cueva. When Cortés returned to the Gulf coast to deal with the newly arrived hostile expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez, Alvarado remained in Tenochtitlan as commander of the Spanish enclave, with strict orders to make sure that Moctezuma not be permitted to escape. Alvarado was deeply suspicious of the K'iche' intentions but accepted the offer and marched to Q'umarkaj with his army. Levy, Buddy. [11] Alvarado was little suited to govern; when he held governing positions, he did little to establish stable foundations for colonial rule. He was a poor governor of territories he had conquered, and restlessly sought out new adventures. 1. The only one of the Alvarado brothers that appears in the registers is Juan de Alvarado, in 1511, leading to the assumption that the rest were already in the Americas by the time the licensing system was established. Guillemín 1965, p. 9. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conquistador trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. Leonor, fallecida su madre en 1537 y su padre en julio de 1541, acompañaba a Beatriz de la Cueva, la "Sin Ventura", segunda esposa de Pedro de Alvarado, cuando en la noche del 10 al 11 de septiembre de 1541, el volcán Hunahpú liberó el agua estancada que se encontraba en su cráter y ríos de lodo arrasaron gran parte de la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros. He was the son of Diego Gómez de Alvarado y Mexía Sandoval y Porras, born in Badajoz in 1460, who was also the Commander of Lobón, Puebla, Montijo and Cubillana, Alcalde of Montanchez, Trece of the Order of Santiago, Lord of Castellanos, a Maestresala official instructor of Henry IV of Castile and Generalof the Frontier of Portugal. Autor: Jesús María García Añoveros Retrato de Alvarado. "Conquistador." de cumarcaah solo quedaron las ruinas.” no. [63], On 14 April 1524, soon after the defeat of the K'iche', the Spanish were invited into Iximche and were well received by the lords Belehe Qat and Cahi Imox. One of his companions walked out to the end of the pole after removing his cloak and sword, and returned to the tower backwards. Pedro de Al­varado was flam­boy­ant and charismatic, and was both a bril­liant mil­i­tary commander and a cruel, hard­ened man. [1] He participated in the conquest of Cuba, in Juan de Grijalva's exploration of the coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the conquest of Mexico led by Hernán Cortés. Cuarenta años después de la muerte de su padre -que tuvo lugar el 4 de julio de 1541- Doña Leonor se preocupó de su traslado a la Catedral de Antigua junto al de última esposa, Doña Beatriz de la Cueva. Four decades after Alvarado's death, his mestiza daughter Leonor de Alvarado Xicoténcatl paid to transport his remains to Guatemala for reburial in the cathedral of the city of Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala, now Antigua Guatemala. Alvar García de Bejarano or de Orellana, Señor de Orellana la Nueva, 3. 1485 – Guadalajara, New Spain, 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala. por los nuevos altares y hogares la bendicion de cristo.” plata 0.900 25 grs 40 mm. 6 “expandidos y enseÑad la fe. Despite Alvarado's initial success in the Battle of Acajutla, the indigenous people of Cuzcatlán, who according to tradition were led by a warlord called Atlacatl, defeated the Spaniards and their auxiliaries, and forced them to withdraw to Guatemala. Recinos 1986, p. 65. In 1534, Alvarado heard tales of the riches of Peru, headed south to the Andes and attempted to bring the province of Quito under his rule. Alvarado broke his promise and instead married Francisca de la Cueva. El Capitan Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, ca. 1495 – Guadalajara, New Spain, 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala. Ten years after being widowed, Alvarado married one of his first wife's sisters, Beatriz de la Cueva, who outlived him. Francisco de Montejo had a rival claim, and was installed by the Spanish king as Governor of Honduras in 1540. Pedro de Alvarado was born in 1485 in the town of Badajoz, Extremadura. 1485 or ca. Also aboard were Francisco de Montejo and Bernal Díaz del Castillo, veterans of the Grijalva expedition. He was made Adelantado de La Florida and Knight of Santiago in 1527, and also Governor of Guatemala. 5 “el conquistador pedro de alvarado. hueste indiana, muestra inequívoca del poder y riqueza de Alvarado. Leonor Alvarado Cortés. Trasladado a Guadalajara, don Pedro de Alvarado muere el 4 de julio de 1541 a los cincuenta y seis años. Se casó en primeras nupcias con Lucía Xicoténcatl Tecubalsi, hija del Señor de Tlaxcala , con quien procreó una hija. [2], Pedro de Alvarado was flamboyant and charismatic,[3] and was both a brilliant military commander[4] and a cruel, hardened man. [60], Almost a week later, on 18 February 1524,[61] a K'iche' army confronted the Spanish army in the Quetzaltenango valley and were comprehensively defeated; many K'iche' nobles were among the dead. In June, 1536, Alvarado engaged the indigenous resistance led by Cicumba in the lower Ulua river valley, and won. [14], Alvarado and his brothers crossed the Atlantic Ocean before 1511, possibly in 1510. Doña Leonor de Alvarado fué la hija de la an­ terior unión, por cierto calificada de legítima en varios documentos, de los que algunos publicamos en los Apén­ dices (1); había nacido en la ciudad vieja de Guatema­ la, en la que existía antes del volcán, llamada Almolon- Pedro de Alvarado is identified as the torturer of Tzinacán, the narrator in Jorge Luis Borges's story "The God's Script" ("La Escritura del Dios"), first published in 1949. The Tz'utujil leaders responded by surrendering to Pedro de Alvarado and swearing loyalty to Spain, at which point Alvarado considered them pacified and returned to Iximche. She drowned a few weeks after taking office in the destruction of the capital city Ciudad Vieja by a sudden flow from the Volcan de Agua in 1541. 78-79. The K'iche' warriors, seeing their lords taken prisoner, attacked the Spaniards' indigenous allies and managed to kill one of the Spanish soldiers. In a freak accident, he was crushed by a horse that was spooked and ran amok. [23] It is around this time that Pedro de Alvarado emerges into the historical record as a prosperous and influential hacienda-owner, already well connected with Velázquez, who was now governor of Cuba. Alvarado was wounded on his left thigh, remaining handicapped for the rest of his life. 40–41. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conquistador trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. Alvarado led the first effort by Spanish forces to extend their dominion to the nation of Cuzcatlan (in modern El Salvador), in June 1524. "Conquistador." Leonor de Alvarado Xicoténcatl (Guatemala, 22 de marzo de 1524 – 1583) fue la hija de Pedro de Alvarado y de la princesa tlaxcalteca Luisa Xicoténcatl y la primera mestiza nacida en Guatemala (Diccionario Histórico Biográfico, 2004). Meet loads of available single women in Alvarado with our Alvarado dating services! American historian William H. Prescott described Alvarado's character in the following terms: Alvarado was a cavalier of high family, gallant and chivalrous, and [Cortes'] warm personal friend. Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, Levy, Buddy. According to some sources, Alvarado used his lance to vault across a gap in the causeway; this feat has come to be known as the Salto de Alvarado ("Alvarado's Leap"). Doña Leonor de Alvarado fué la hija de la an­ terior unión, por cierto calificada de legítima en varios documentos, de los que algunos publicamos en los Apén­ dices (1); había nacido en la ciudad vieja de Guatema­ la, en la que existía antes del volcán, llamada Almolon- Guillemín 1965, p. 10. Alvarado, Pedro de. Alvarado fue hijo de Gómez de Alvarado y de Leonor de Contreras. Sharer and Traxler 2006, p. 759. His life companion was his concubine Luisa de Tlaxcala (also called Xicoténcatl or Tecubalsi, her original names after Catholic baptism). In 1532, Alvarado received a Royal Cedula naming him Governor of the Province of Honduras, which at that time consisted of a single settlement of Spaniards in Trujillo, but he declined to act on it. Historians judge that his greed drove him to excessive cruelty,[5] and his Spanish contemporaries denounced his extreme brutality during his lifetime. Pedro de Alvarado, conquistador (1485-1541) Badajoz-Guadalajara (México). Luisa was delivered by her father in 1519 to Hernán Cortés as a proof of respect and friendship, and in turn he gave her in guard to Pedro de Alvarado, who quickly became her lover. Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp. He abandoned the war and appointed his brother, Gonzalo de Alvarado, to continue the task. conoció con el nombre de Luisa Xicotenga. [75] A short time afterwards a number of lords arrived from the Pacific lowlands to swear allegiance to the king of Spain. Alvarado's letter to Hernán Cortés describing his passage through Soconusco is lost, and knowledge of events there come from the account of Bernal Díaz del Castillo, who was not present, but related the report of Gonzalo de Alvarado. [37] The rest of the fleet put into the port of Havana five months after it had left. Pedro de Alvarado ordered the town to be burnt and sent messengers to the Pipil lords demanding their surrender, otherwise he would lay waste to their lands. [48]:283–286 Alvarado claims he did so because he feared the Aztecs were plotting against him but there is no physical evidence to support this claim and the alleged warnings he received came from tortured captives that very likely would have said anything to make the torture stop. Recinos 1986, p. 18. Bautizada con el nombre de Luisa, le dio dos hijos, Pedro y Leonor; y puede que un tercero llamado Diego. This region formed a part of the K'iche' kingdom, and a K'iche' army tried unsuccessfully to prevent the Spanish from crossing the river. At great cost, he assembled and equipped 13 ships and approximately 550 soldiers for the expedition. Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp. [16] Pedro had an illegitimate half brother, also named Juan, referred to in contemporary sources as Juan el Bastardo. [47][page needed], During Cortés' absence, relations between the Spaniards and their hosts went from bad to worse, and Alvarado led a massacre of Aztec nobles and priests observing a religious festival. Definitions of Pedro_de_Alvarado, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of Pedro_de_Alvarado, analogical dictionary of Pedro_de_Alvarado (English) During a visit to Spain, in 1537, Alvarado had the governorship of Honduras reconfirmed in addition to that of Guatemala for the next seven years. Sharer and Traxler 2006, pp. According to the illustrious 17th-century historian father Domingo Juarros in his Compendio de la historia de la cuidad de guatemala, pagina 347. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born at the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, conquistador trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquest of Mexico and Guatemala. Conquistador. [91] Technically, this was not his first marriage as he married an indigenous woman, daughter to Xicotencatl the Younger, who was referred to as Dona Luisa by Spanish speakers and Tlecuiluatzin by Nahuatl speakers. Alvarado is best remembered in Guatemala, where he is even more reviled than is Hernán Cortés in Mexico. Pedro de Alvarado, conquistador (1485-1541) Badajoz-Guadalajara (México). Simon and Schuster, 1993, p. 233. [5] His hair and beard were red, which reminded them of their sun-god (often painted red) Tōnatiuh. He is considered the conquistador of most of Central America (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras). Both childless. 12. Although renowned for his skill as a soldier, Alvarado is known also for the cruelty of his treatment of native populations, and mass murders committed in the subjugation of the native peoples of Mexico. The Tlaxcalteca attacked the Spanish force numerous times but they were unable to rout the Spanish forces. Matthew 2012, p. 81. [83] The Spanish force camped in the captured town for eight days. Find a girlfriend or lover in Alvarado, or just have fun flirting online with Alvarado single girls. At this time Alvarado requested permission from the king for an expedition south along the Pacific coast, to conquer any lands there that had not already been claimed for the Crown, and specifically rejected that Cortés should accompany him. After the death of Alvarado, de la Cueva maneuvered her own election and succeeded him as governor of Guatemala, becoming the only woman to govern a major political division of the Americas in Spanish colonial times. Luisa followed Alvarado in his pursuit of conquests beyond central Mexico. Historiography portrays that indigenous people, both Nahuatl-speakers and speakers of other languages, called him Tonatiuh, meaning "sun" in the Nahuatl language. The Spanish returned to the Kaqchikel capital on 23 July 1524 and on 27 July, Pedro de Alvarado declared Iximche as the first capital of Guatemala, Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala ("St. James of the Knights of Guatemala"). In that year he was married in Spain to Francisca de la Cueva, Dame of Úbeda and niece of the Duke of Alburquerque. [79][nb 3] The Kaqchikel kept up resistance against the Spanish for a number of years. During a visit to Spain, in 1537, Alvarado had the governorship of Honduras reconfirmed in addition to that of Guatemala for the next seven years. Born 1590 in and died 1677 in La Serena, Coquimbo Chile. [31] At the mouth of the Tabasco River the Spanish sighted massed warriors and canoes but the natives did not approach. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. [28] The small fleet was stocked with crossbows, muskets, barter goods, salted pork and cassava bread. Kaqchikel alliance and conquest of the Tz'utujil, 315,319,333,351,355–356,358,360,363,369–370,372. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born at the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, conquistador … Recinos 1986, pp. 298, 310, 386n19. [69][nb 1] The Kaqchikel kings provided native soldiers to assist the conquistadors against continuing K'iche' resistance and to help with the defeat of the neighbouring Tz'utuhil kingdom. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded Spanish city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conqueror trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. Bantam Books, 2009, p.166. The Pipil withdrew their scouts because of the heavy rain, believing that the Spanish and their allies would not be able to reach the town that day. On 9 May 1530, exhausted by the warfare that had seen the deaths of their best warriors and the enforced abandonment of their crops,[80] the two kings of the most important clans returned from the wilds. [9], His tactical brutality, such as the massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, often undermined strategic considerations. [68] After the destruction of Q'umarkaj and the execution of its rulers, Pedro de Alvarado sent messages to Iximche, capital of the Kaqchikel, proposing an alliance against the remaining K'iche' resistance. [57], Pedro de Alvarado and his army advanced along the Pacific coast unopposed until they reached the Samalá River in western Guatemala. [10] He was also accused of cruelty against fellow Spaniards. [73] The rest of Alvarado's army soon reinforced his party and they successfully stormed the island. Recinos places all these dates two days earlier (e.g. [48][50]:296–300 According to satirical verses by Gonzalo Ocampo, in reference to Alvarado crossing a causeway gap during the escape, Alvarado's escape became known as Salto de Alvarado ("Alvarado's Leap"). Se casó en primeras nupcias con Lucía Xicoténcatl Tecubalsi, hija del Señor de Tlaxcala , con quien procreó una hija. Two subsequent expeditions were required (the first in 1525, followed by a smaller group in 1528) to bring the Pipil under Spanish control. Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro carried out deeds of similar cruelty, but have not attracted as much criticism as Alvarado. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded Spanish city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conqueror trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. In spite of these precautions the baggage train was ambushed by a Xinca army soon after leaving Taxisco. descubre los enredos porbocados por Ana y Celia para con Leonor y Carlos. After Moctezuma was killed in the attempt to negotiate with his own people, the Spaniards determined to escape by fighting their way across one of the causeways that led from the city across the lake and to the mainland. Gómez De Alvarado Y Contreras 1482 - 1542. [30] The Maya inhabitants of Cozumel fled the Spanish; the fleet then sailed south from Cozumel, along the east coast of the peninsula. Leonor De Alvarado Y Xicotenga Tecubalsi 1524 - 1583. El 2 de. Once across, the conquistadors ransacked nearby settlements in an effort to terrorise the K'iche'. [63] Pedro de Alvarado sent two Kaqchikel messengers to Tecpan Atitlan at the request of the Kaqchikel lords, both of whom were killed by the Tz'utujil. [39] The fleet made its first landfall at Cozumel, and remained there for several days. [82], Pedro de Alvarado pressed ahead and when the Spanish entered the town the defenders were completely unprepared, with the Pipil warriors indoors sheltering from the torrential rain. Francisca de la Cueva died shortly after their arrival in America. She died shortly after their arrival in America. In 1533 or 1534 he began to send his own work gangs of enslaved Africans and Native Americans into the parts of Honduras adjacent to Guatemala to work the placer gold deposits. They managed to catch some locals and used them to send messages to the Tz'utujil lords, ordering them to submit to the king of Spain. Although renowned for his skill as a soldier, Alvarado is known also for the cruelty of his treatment of native populations, and mass murders committed in the subjugation of the native peoples of Mexico. Meet loads of available single women in Alvarado with our Alvarado dating services! In June, 1536, Alvarado engaged the indigenous resistance led by Cicumba in the lower Ulua river valley, and won. Leonor de Contreras y Gutiérrez de Trejo, 28. Spanish chronicler Antonio de Remesal commented that "Alvarado desired more to be feared than loved by his subjects, whether they were Indians or Spaniards. The two forces of Conquistadors almost came to battle; however, Alvarado bartered to Pizarro's group most of his ships, horses, and ammunition, plus most of his men, for a comparatively modest sum of money, and returned to Guatemala. Aunque Alvarado se casó en 1527 con Francisca de la Cueva, enviudó ese mismo año, así que siguió viéndose con Luisa en México y luego se la llevó consigo a Perú, así como a sus hijos mestizos Leonor y Diego. Memorialize Juan's life with photos and stories about him and the Godoy Alvarado family history. [33] By means of interpreters, Grijalva indicated that he wished to trade and bartered wine and beads in exchange for food and other supplies. 764–765. Y además tenemos a nuestros "progres de izquierda" que han satanizado aquellos tiempos y a sus protagonistas. ... we waited until they came close enough to shoot their arrows, and then we smashed into them; as they had never seen horses, they grew very fearful, and we made a good advance ... and many of them died. He is considered the conquistador of much of Central America, including Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. [38], Grijalva's return aroused great interest in Cuba. [48]:315,319,333,351,355–356,358,360,363,369–370,372 Alvarado was wounded when Guatemoc attacked all three Spanish camps on the feast day of St. Diego O Francisco Alvarado-contreras Xicoténcatl 1523 - 1554. Ésta era hija de Gonzalo de Contreras Carvajal y de Isabel Gutiérrez de Trejo y Ulloa. [48]:Ch.203 He died a few days later, on July 4, 1541, and was buried in the church at Tiripetío, a village between Pátzcuaro and Morelia (in present-day Michoacán). Born 1590 in and died 1677 in La Serena, Coquimbo Chile. Bantam Books, 2008, p. 29. Lovell 2005, p. 58. Luisa followed Pedro in his adventures, and despite never being recognized as his legitimate wife, had numerous possessions and was respected as a Dame, both for her relationship with Alvarado and for her noble origin. Fernán Núñez de Contreras or Fernando Martínez de Contreras, 26. Ten years after being widowed, Alvarado married one of his first wife's sisters, Beatriz de la Cueva, who outlived him. Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈpeðɾo ðe alβaˈɾaðo]; Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, ca. [48]:296–300, Pedro then participated in the Siege of Tenochtitlan, commanding one of four forces under Cortés. Leonor, fallecida su madre en 1537 y su padre en julio de 1541, acompañaba a Beatriz de la Cueva, la "Sin Ventura", segunda esposa de Pedro de Alvarado, cuando en la noche del 10 al 11 de septiembre de 1541, el volcán Hunahpú liberó el agua estancada que se encontraba en su cráter y ríos de lodo arrasaron gran parte de la ciudad de Santiago de los Caballeros. Y también le hablaron a Cortés tres caballeros que fueron Pedro de Alvarado y Juan Velazquez de León y Francisco de Lugo, y dijeron a Cortés: "Muy bien dice el padre, y vuesa merced con lo que ha hecho cumple, y no se toque más a estos caciques sobre el caso"; y así se hizo. Ana (Anita) De Alvarado Unknown - … [82] A few years later, in 1529, Pedro de Alvarado was accused of using excessive brutality in his conquest of Izcuintepeque, amongst other atrocities. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. 74–5. This name uses Spanish naming customs; the first or paternal family name is. His early arrival in Cuba allowed him to ingratiate himself with the Governor Velázquez before Grijalva's return. Bantam Books, 2008, p. 42. [76], Pedro de Alvarado rapidly began to demand gold in tribute from the Kaqchikels, souring the friendship between the two peoples. After the death of her husband, Beatriz de la Cueva maneuvered her own election and succeeded him as governor of Guatemala, becoming the only woman to govern a major political division of the Americas in Spanish colonial times.[93]. [14] His father was Gómez de Alvarado,[15] and his mother was Leonor de Contreras, Gómez's second wife. He participated in the conquest of Cuba, in Juan de Grijalva's exploration of the coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico, and in the conquest of Mexico led by Hernán Cortés. [85] At this point Alvarado's force consisted of 250 Spanish infantry accompanied by 6,000 indigenous allies, mostly Kaqchikel and Cholutec. Alvarado's troops encountered a sizeable quantity of gathered warriors and quickly routed them through the city's streets. He held a command in the Juan de Grijalva expedition sent from Cuba against Yucatán in the spring of 1518,[1] and returned in a few months. [72] When news of the killing of the messengers reached the Spanish at Iximche, the conquistadors marched against the Tz'utujil with their Kaqchikel allies. [70] The Spanish only stayed briefly in Iximche before continuing through Atitlán, Escuintla and Cuscatlán. He is considered the conquistadorof much of Central America, including Guatemalaand El Salvador. When Cortés returned to the Gulf coast to deal with the newly arrived hostile expedition of Pánfilo de Narváez, Alvarado remained in Tenochtitlan as commander of the Spanish enclave, with strict orders to make sure that Moctezuma not be permitted to escape. Our site is full of hot Alvarado girls waiting to hear from you. In a freak accident, he was crushed by a horse that was spooked and ran amok. Despite never being his legitimate wife, Luisa de Tlaxcala had numerous possessions and was respected as a Doña, both for her relationship with Alvarado and for her noble origin. Fernán Núñez de Contreras or Fernando Martínez de Contreras, 26. [42] The Maya prepared for battle but the Spanish horses and firearms quickly decided the outcome. 764–765. [81] Alvarado described the terrain approaching the town as very difficult, covered with dense vegetation and swampland that made the use of cavalry impossible; instead he sent men with crossbows ahead. Schele and Fahsen calculated all dates on the more securely dated Kaqchikel annals, where equivalent dates are often given in both the Kaqchikel and Spanish calendars. [32] The Spanish spotted three large Maya cities along the coast. When he arrived, he found the land already held by Francisco Pizarro's lieutenant Sebastián de Belalcázar. Juan Godoy Alvarado's bio. [30] From Cozumel, the fleet looped around the north of the Yucatán Peninsula and followed the coast to the Tabasco River. [77], Two years later, on 9 February 1526, a group of sixteen Spanish deserters burnt the palace of the Ahpo Xahil, sacked the temples and kidnapped a priest, acts that the Kaqchikel blamed on Pedro de Alvarado. Alvarado made a triumphal entry to Santiago de Cuba, with a great display of the wealth that had been gained from the expedition. Pedro de Alvarado y doña Luisa, objeto de pacto entre su padre y los indígenas. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a conquistador trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquests of Mexico and Guatemala. After Moctezuma was killed in the attempt to negotiate with his own people, the Spaniards determined to escape by fighting their way across one of the causeways that led from the city across the lake and to the mainland. [52] Pedro de Alvarado passed through Soconusco with a sizeable force in 1523, en route to conquer Guatemala. Because Alvarado and his allies could not understand the Xinca language, Alvarado took extra precautions on the march eastward by strengthening his vanguard and rearguard with ten cavalry apiece. After this, the Spanish referred to the river as the Río de Alvarado ("Alvarado's River"). Alvarado remained governor of Guatemala until his death. [12] Alvarado stubbornly resisted attempts by the Spanish Crown to establish ordered taxation in Guatemala, and refused to acknowledge such attempts. Los padres: Gómez de Alvarado, Leonor de Contreras; Murió: 1541, en o cerca de Guadalajara, Nueva España (México) Cónyuge (s): Francisca de la Cueva, Beatriz de la Cueva; Hijos: Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, Pedro de Alvarado, Diego de Alvarado, Gómez de Alvarado, Ana (Anita) de Alvarado (todo ilegítimos) [62] He encamped on the plain outside the city rather than accepting lodgings inside. [59], Alvarado then turned to head upriver into the Sierra Madre mountains towards the K'iche' heartlands, crossing the pass into the fertile valley of Quetzaltenango. He was altogether destitute of that moderation, which, in the delicate position he occupied, was a quality of more worth than all the rest. [67] At this point Alvarado decided to have the captured K'iche' lords burnt to death, and then proceeded to burn the entire city. [22], Soon after arriving in Santo Domingo, on Hispaniola, Pedro de Alvarado established a friendship with Hernán Cortés, who at the time was serving as public scribe. Recinos 1998, p. 101. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. [3] He died a few days later, on July 4, 1541, and was buried in the church at Tiripetío, a village between Patzcuaro and Morelia (in present-day Michoacán). By 1532, Alvarado's friendship with Hernán Cortés had soured, and he no longer trusted him. In 1536, ostensibly in response to a letter asking for aid from Andrés de Cereceda, then acting Governor of the Province of Honduras, Alvarado and his army of Indian allies arrived in Honduras, just as the Spanish colonists were preparing to abandon the country and go look for gold in Peru. leonor de alvarado xicotenga. Alvarado went to Hispaniola in 1510 with all his younger brothers: Gonzalo, Jorge, Hernando and Juan, and their uncle Diego de Alvarado y Mexía de Sandoval. [8] He was ruthless in his dealings with the indigenous peoples he set out to conquer. Recinos 1986, p. 75. His governorship of Honduras was not uncontested. [82], According to Alvarado's letter to Cortés, the Pipil came back to the town and submitted to him, accepting the king of Spain as their overlord. John. Diego was a veteran of the campaigns against the Moors. [66], As soon as they did so, he seized them and kept them as prisoners in his camp. At that time, Honduras consisted of a single settlement of Spaniards in Trujillo, but he declined to act on it. She died in 1535 and was buried at the Guatemala Cathedral. [56] By 1524, Soconusco had been completely pacified by Alvarado and his forces. They reported that neighbouring groups in Guatemala were attacking them because of their friendly outlook towards the Spanish. [65] Fearing the great number of K'iche' warriors gathered outside the city and that his cavalry would not be able to manoeuvre in the narrow streets of Q'umarkaj, he invited the leading lords of the city, Oxib-Keh (the king) and Beleheb-Tzy (the king elect) to visit him in his camp. Gutierre González de Trejo, 7. Schele & Mathews 1999, pp. Alvarado was subsequently appointed governor of Guatemala by Charles I of Spain and remained governor of Guatemala until his death. He abandoned the war and appointed his brother, Gonzalo de Alvarado, to continue the task. From Pazaco, Alvarado crossed the Río Paz and entered what is now El Salvador.[90]. 1979. rr Jorge Alvarado y Contreras was born in 1500, at birth place, to Diego Gómez Alvarado y Mexía de Sandoval, Comendador de Lobón, Puebla, Montijo y Cubillana and Leonor Contreras Carvajal y Gutierrez (born de Contreras y Gutiérrez de Trejo). [14] Pedro de Alvarado had a twin sister, Sarra, and four full-blood brothers, Jorge, Gonzalo, Gómez, and Juan. [77] He demanded that their kings deliver 1000 gold leaves, each worth 15 pesos. Hija de Pedro Alvarado y Doña Luisa Xicontécatl.Leonor se casó con Don Francisco de la Cueva, caballero primo del Duque de Alburquerque y Teniente Gobernador de Guatemala. 765–766. Memorialize Juan's life with photos and stories about him and the Godoy Alvarado family history. [25] He organised an expedition consisting of four ships and 260 men. Both childless. Fernando Sánchez or Sánz del Varado, 8. Whether this epithet refers to Don Alvarado's red hair, some esoteric quality attributed to him, or both, is disputed. Portocarrero participated in numerous battles against the Indians. Conquistador de Guatemala. Schele & Mathews 1999, p. 386. n. 15. Relations between the Spaniards and their hosts were uneasy, especially given Cortés' repeated insistence that the Aztecs desist from idol worship and human sacrifice; in order to ensure their own safety, the Spaniards took the Aztec king Moctezuma hostage. Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born at the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, conquistador trusted by his father-in-law, whom he accompanied during the conquest of Mexico and Guatemala. Alvarado developed a plan to outfit an armada that would sail from the western coast of Mexico to China and the Spice Islands. [21] The Alvarado brothers stopped off at Hispaniola, but there are few mentions of their stay there in historical documents. He had talents for action, was possessed of firmness and intrepidity, while his frank and dazzling manners made the Tonatiuh an especial favourite with the Mexicans. Kinder: Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, Pedro de Alvarado, Diego de Alvarado, Gómez de Alvarado, Ana (Anita) de Alvarado (alle illegitimen) Frühen Lebensjahren Pedro genaues Geburtsjahr ist unbekannt, es war wahrscheinlich irgendwann zwischen 1485 … His hair and beard were blond, which earned him the name of To­natiuh from the Aztecs, the name of one of their sun gods. Genealogy for Lucía Xicotencatl Tecubalsi, princesa Tlaxcala (deceased) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. The cavalry scattered the K'iche' and the army crossed to the city of Xelaju (modern Quetzaltenango) only to find it deserted. Su dramática agonía, arrepentimiento y muerte ha sido narrada por varios cronistas. [92] In 1534, Alvarado heard tales of the riches of Peru, headed south to the Andes and attempted to bring the province of Quito under his rule. Ésta era hija de Gonzalo de Contreras Carvajal y de Isabel Gutiérrez de Trejo y Ulloa. Señor de Grimaldo, Almofraque y Carchuelas, Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded Spanish city of, Gómez de Alvarado, without further notice, Pedro de Alvarado is a character in the opera, Pedro de Alvarado is identified as the torturer of Tzinacán, the narrator in, Pedro de Alvarado is a character in the historical novel, This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 01:39. Jorge Alvarado y Contreras was born in 1500, at birth place, to Diego Gómez Alvarado y Mexía de Sandoval, Comendador de Lobón, Puebla, Montijo y Cubillana and Leonor Contreras Carvajal y Gutierrez (born de Contreras y Gutiérrez de Trejo). Some of the villages mentioned here no longer exist, and the names of some have been changed. The defending warriors were described by Alvarado as engaging in fierce hand-to-hand combat using spears, stakes and poisoned arrows. On 18 December 1527, the king of Spain named Alvarado as governor of Guatemala; two days later he granted him the coveted military title of Adelantado. [74], The following day the Spanish entered Tecpan Atitlan but found it deserted. Leonor de Contreras y Gutiérrez de Trejo, 28. Cortés charged Pedro de Alvarado with gathering recruits from the inland estates of Cuba. In 1532, Alvarado received a Royal Cedula naming him Governor of the Province of Honduras. Alvarado gathered his troops and went to help Oñate. 3.- Gómez de Alvarado y Mexía. Alvarado fue hijo de Gómez de Alvarado y de Leonor de Contreras. In 1519 Alvarado accompanied Hernán Cortés in his expedition to Mexico,[1] commanding one of the eleven vessels in the fleet and also acting as Cortés' second in command during the expedition's first stay in the Aztec capital city of Tenochtitlán. Yet he was also called "Red Sun" in Nahuatl, which allows a variety of interpretations. Adrián Recinos sugirió que nació en 22 de marzo de 1524 (Diccionario Histórico Biográfico, 2004). Although renowned for his skill as a soldier, Alvarado is known also for the cruelty of his treatment of native populations, and mass murders committed in the subjugation of the native peoples of Mexico. Señor de Grimaldo, Almofraque y Carchuelas, Leonor de Alvarado y Xicotenga Tecubalsi, born in the newly founded city of Santiago de los Caballeros, who married Pedro de Portocarrero, a, Pedro de Alvarado, who disappeared at sea when travelling to Spain, Gómez de Alvarado, without further notice, The massacre in the Main Temple, Tenochtitlán. According to the illustrious 17th-century historian father, Spanish conquest of Yucatán § Juan de Grijalva, 1518, Spanish conquest of Yucatán § Hernán Cortés, 1519, Aztecs desist from idol worship and human sacrifice, "Conquistador and Colonial Elites of Central America (list)", Compendio de la historia de la ciudad de guatemala, The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, "Tracing the "Enigmatic" Late Postclassic Nahua-Pipil (A.D. 1200–1500): Archaeological Study of Guatemalan South Pacific Coast", Sociedad de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala, "Don Pedro de Alvarado: las fuentes históricas, documentación, crónicas y biblografía existente", "Módulo pedagógico para desarrollo turístico dirigido a docentes y estudiantes del Instituto Mixto de Educación Básica por Cooperativa de Enseñanza, Pasaco, Jutiapa", "Experiencias de cordillera, ecos de frío: Relatos cruzados entre Chile y Quito en el siglo XVI", "Pedro de Alvarado | Real Academia de la Historia", Independence of Spanish continental Americas, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France, Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedro_de_Alvarado&oldid=991833638, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2015, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 8.