Some hypothesized that it was a combination of Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic. It was the Phoenician alphabet that was widely received and readily adapted throughout the Mediterranean world and the Levant, as it was only 22 letters based on sound, as opposed to the myriad of symbols in cuneiform and hieroglyphics prevalent at the time. The following chart summarizes the Masoretic vowel points. Included is a single-page table highlighting the diagnostics of the different stems and conjugations. 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 2 0 R /Outlines 251 0 R /Metadata 487 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [ 3 0 R 13 0 R 18 0 R 21 0 R 24 0 R 27 0 R 30 0 R 33 0 R 36 0 R 39 0 R 42 0 R 45 0 R 48 0 R 51 0 R 54 0 R 57 0 R 61 0 R 64 0 R 67 0 R 70 0 R 73 0 R 76 0 R 79 0 R 82 0 R 85 0 R 88 0 R 91 0 R 94 0 R 97 0 R 100 0 R 103 0 R 106 0 R 109 0 R 112 0 R 115 0 R 118 0 R 121 0 R 124 0 R 127 0 R 130 0 R 133 0 R 136 0 R 139 0 R 142 0 R 145 0 R 148 0 R 151 0 R 154 0 R 157 0 R 160 0 R 163 0 R 166 0 R 170 0 R 173 0 R 176 0 R 179 0 R 182 0 R 185 0 R 191 0 R 194 0 R 197 0 R 202 0 R 209 0 R 212 0 R 215 0 R 223 0 R 230 0 R 233 0 R 236 0 R 239 0 R 242 0 R 245 0 R ] /Count 72 >> endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [ 0 0 595 842 ] /Parent 2 0 R /Resources << /ProcSet [ /PDF /ImageC /Text ] /XObject << /R11 11 0 R >> /Font << /R9 9 0 R /R8 8 0 R /R7 7 0 R /R6 6 0 R >> >> /Contents 4 0 R /Annots 320 0 R >> endobj 4 0 obj << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream F. Hebrew to English alphabet and pronunciation chart: 1. Instant Download! Others attempted to explain it as a “Holy Ghost language,” meaning that God created a special language just for the Bible. The Paleo-Hebrew alphabet has persisted to the present day solely with the Samaritans. Psalm 119 contains the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. Example of RTF and UTF coding of Hebrew Characters: Where the Hebrew letter, Alef is used, the RTF code is \'e0; The UTF code for the same letter is U+0500 and etc. Because of the Dispersion of the people of Israel to Babylon and Egypt, knowledge of pre-exilic texts was dependent on oral tradition. The only pre-exilic Biblical passage that has been discovered to date is the Priestly Blessing from Numbers 6:24-26, which is found throughout the liturgies of Judaism and Christianity. Resources for Biblical Hebrew Grammar. Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, and Arabic are all examples of Semitic languages. Observations with Paleo-Greek, Ancient Egyptian, and Chinese confirm Paleo-Hebrew was not originally connected with Mesopotamian, but was a later influence from which we get the Acronym Oct 30, 2013 - See illustrations of the letters and vowel points of the Hebrew alphabet in print, script and Rashi script. This PDF is contains the whole strong verb paradigm in a number of variations. Hebrew, RTF Coding, UTF Coding This is a table of the Hebrew Alphabet which has both the RTF and UTF coding. b. Please note that the letter ו in Biblical Hebrew was known as waw and pronounced as w, as יהוה - Yahweh, and ויקרא - Wayiqra, the original Hebrew name for the Book of Leviticus, The Old Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters and the ancient Greek alphabet 27 letters. The Hebrew alphabet known as Ketav Ivri or Paleo-Hebrew was identical to the Phoenician alphabet. This page is an introduction to the alphabet of Hebrew Scripture. Sometime during the Maccabean period 1 Blessed are the undefiled in the way, who walk in the law of the Lord. Upper Case Lower Case Full name and pronunciation Α α Alpha (Al-fuh) Β β Beta (BAY-tuh) Γ Gγ a ma (GAM-uh) Δ Delta (DELδ -tuh) Ε Epsilon (Eε P -sil on) Ζ Zeta (ZAYζ -tuh) Η η Eta (AY-tuh) Θ θ Theta (THAY-tuh) The following table lists the letters and their sounds followed by the points and which vowel sound each represents. Hey served as a final long a. א. ALEPH . The mater Shureq וּ is utilized for the vowel u in the first spelling, while the short vowel point Qibbuts   ֻ   is incorporated for the second spelling. Because of the variety of first-year biblical Hebrew textbooks currently available, it is worth Alphabet . %PDF-1.4 %���� This multiple form of vowel notation accounts for much of the variation in word formation in the Masoretic text. Zondervan, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1987. We recommend the reference textbooks below for an in-depth study of Biblical Hebrew. For example the letter beyt can be written as B or b. 12. Syllables are of two types in Hebrew: open and closed. The point or dot within a letter, as seen in the three letters Bet, Kaf, and Peh, is known as a dagesh. 3 Mansoor M. Biblical Hebrew - Step by Step, Volume One, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1980, 24th Printing, 2007; Volume Two, Third Ed., 1984, 13th printing, 2002. In fact, the laryngeal א and the pharyngeal ע had been two of the most difficult letters to pronounce. Archeology has yet to discover the precise time that Moses lived and led his people during the Exodus from Egypt, or the actual script utilized by Moses to write the Torah. Beginning in the post-Exilic period, waw and yod were also used as vowel indicators within a word. word:   בְּ - in, with, by;   כְּ יֵשׁוּעַ - Yeshua, the true name of Jesus, appears throughout Hebrew Scripture, for it means the Lord saves! Hebrew Audio Bible The Academy of Ancient Languages website has audio tracks of the Hebrew Scriptures in mp3 format. Hebrew is the original Language of Eden and all languages stem from it. Ancient Hebrew Alphabet Chart. 3. Lamed l Alphe a presenting: Hebrew Alphabet Charts | Presented by: Hebrew World / Living Israeli Hebrew The Hebrew Print letters are used both for modern and Biblical Hebrew. one or first, as in Genesis 1:5, the First Day. Thank you for the chart. 2 Henson J. Biblical Hebrew. Joshua in Judges 2:7 is spelled two different ways in the same sentence! Elementary Biblical Hebrew Alphabet Practice. The changing of a letter’s form, however, does not change its pronunciation or transliteration. Furthermore, no original manuscript by the author of any biblical book has yet been discovered! Hendrickson Publishers, Peabody, Massachusetts, 2000. (the second century BC), the letters of the alphabet began to represent numbers, such as the first ten letters of the Hebrew alphabet began to signify numbers one While prepositions normally function as individual words, one must be aware when reading Biblical Hebrew that there are three inseparable prepositions that prefix a Morphology. In general, while there are multiple variations, the plural for masculine nouns end in ים.- and feminine nouns end in וֹת-. With the Masoretic vowel points, the vowel follows the consonant in pronunciation, as, for example, לָ is pronounced la, לֻ is lu, and מִ is pronounced mi. They have similar characteristics, such as the presence of guttural letters formed in the pharynx or larynx; a consonantal system with three-letter word roots to connote meaning; and changes in the form or morphology of the word root through the addition of prefixes, infixes, and suffixes to determine the precise sense and function of the word. Sign In. 4 Ross A. Hebrew tradition, the Torah itself, as well as Jesus and the New Testament writers named Moses as the divinely inspired author of the Law, Torah, or Pentateuch, which comprise the first five books of Hebrew Scripture: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy (see the Book of Genesis). The author is also available for questions, comments and requests. Course Lectures and Notes. You can speak very little English that doesn’t have its roots in the ancient Hebrew. The Shewa ְ   sign, a colon under the letter, is written in the absence of a distinct vowel sound, and may be vocal or silent. A closed syllable is one that ends with a consonant, as בֵּנ is ben, the word for son; and סוּס is sūs, the word for horse. For example, "and the moon" in Joseph's dream in Genesis 37:9 reads וְהַיָּרֵחַ. Learn to Read Biblical Hebrew 12 Alephbet and Vowels The following is a chart of all the consonants in the Hebrew Alephbet. In addition, three letters, Bet ב, Kaf כ, and Peh פ, vary in pronunciation depending on the presence of a dot. The very word Alphabet comes from the first two Hebrew letters - Alef Bet. Phoenicia (now Lebanon) was a peaceful sea-faring nation expert in navigation and trade that developed their alphabet circa 1400-1250 BC in an effort to communicate with their diverse trading partners that encircled the Mediterranean Sea. This occasionally gave rise to an ambiguity of interpretation for a text written purely in consonants. 5 Lambdin TO. Beautiful Hebrew Alphabet Chart. Aramaic became the prevailing language, or "lingua franca" of the entire Middle East from about 700 BC through the time of Christ. The Hebrew alphabet has gone through an evolution over the past 4,000 years. Hebrew is quite distinctive in that it has two words for the first person singular pronoun. Thus, inseparable prepositions behave similar to the conjunction and - ו,   and the definite article the - הַ, While the Aramaic alphabet still served the Aramaic language, it began to be utilized for the Hebrew alphabet. 8 Rendsburg GA. A New Look at Pentateuchal HW'. Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 2001. By the end of their second semester/term of Hebrew, students should have read at least ten chapters directly from the Hebrew Bible, in addition to many partial and whole verses in the exercises. Likewise, when the waw conjunctive is prefixed to the imperfect, it changes its meaning to the perfect. The Biblical Hebrew text available to us today is thus written in the Hebrew language with the Imperial Aramaic alphabet. As these are consonants that end with a vowel, these are examples of open syllables. Hey ה, Waw ו, and Yod י became known as "matres lectiones," or "mothers of reading," as they assisted in reading Scripture. י yod, were used at the end of a word to indicate final vowels. Thus began the greatest discovery of ancient manuscripts of the twentieth century - nearly 900 scrolls were uncovered in 11 caves in Qumran. The Dead Sea Scrolls included portions of each book of the Pentateuch written in the pre-exilic Hebrew alphabet known as Ketav Ivri or Paleo-Hebrew, as well as scrolls written in the post-exilic Ketav Ashuri or Aramaic Square script, and even some written in both forms of script. When you have numbers over 1000, you use the thousands letter as a digit. When the waw ו conjunctive is prefixed to the perfect, it changes its meaning to imperfect. Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. There are 8 verses per letter describing the meaning of the letter. Hebrew is a Semitic language. The Hebrew language adopted the square script alphabet of Imperial Aramaic, known as Ketav Ashuri. It is believed that Moses lived in the latter part of the second millennium BC, circa 1450-1200 BC. “Ancient Hebrew Language and Alphabet”. Mechon Mamre You can access the entire parallel Hebrew and English Bible and listen to each chapter in Hebrew. There is also an alphabet used prior to the Babylonian exile, which appears on archaeological relics. If the Hebrew letters only go to 400, how can you look for higher number in the Bible code, like the year 1998 (5758)? 6 The Hebrew Bible. Of great importance, the Divine name YHWH was inscribed on the amulets! With the guttural letters aleph א, hey ה, het ח, and ayin ע, vocal shewa is combined with three vowel signs (Patah, Segol, and Qamets) to produce three hurried vowels known as the hateph vowels. Note that the guttural letters א and ע are generally silent in contemporary pronunciation, and assume the sound of their related vowel. This chart includes all the variations for each letter. The vowel points were added to ensure proper interpretation and reading of Hebrew Scripture, and are known as the Masoretic or Tiberian vowel points. What would be the best types of writing instruments to use? During the ninth and tenth centuries AD, the Masoretes, Jewish scholars in Tiberias, Galilee, perfected a system of points or nikkud for vowel notation and added it to the received consonantal text. However, when these verbs appear in narrative sequences, as in the Book of Genesis, they are converted by the waw-consecutive to the opposite tense. University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 2008. Although Zondervan, Professor Pratico, and Professor VanPelt have permitted me to post this material, they are not to blame for any errors! Biblical & Modern Hebrew Laminated Sheet (A3 11.7x16.5in) Modern & Ancient Paleo Hebrew Alef Bet Learning Chart, Vowel Explanation for Basic Reading Skills, Hebrew Study Guide, Aleph Bet Chart 3.9 out of 5 stars 14 1 Minto A. Genesis 1-11. Note that Hebrew is written from right to left. Letters stand alone in printing or writing. Hebrew papyri and parchments were then primarily written in Aramaic script. key. pointed text, 25 of which are from the Torah, the Law of Moses. Also discusses transliteration (writing Hebrew in English letters). A Basic Blessing in Hebrew. whereas in modern Hebrew ו is known as vav and pronounced as v. Basics of Biblical Hebrew provides 36 easy-to-follow lessons introducing the grammar and language of the Hebrew Bible. Basic Principles: Hebrew uses an alphabet of 22 consonants. For example, יָלַד means to give birth; יֶלֶד is boy; יַלְדָה means girl; יְלָדִים is children or boys; and יַלְדוּת means childhood or youth. Hebrew words with the same root often have related meanings. Please observe in the following chart the distinctions in the pronunciation and transliteration of the three forms of the letter shin: unpointed shin (as in original texts or modern unpointed contemporary script), shin with a dot over the right-hand corner, and shin with a dot over the left-hand corner. x���n�0��y�9v�%��q>��j*��İ甦��x�}��ݥ��aU@]Y��0����b�C|�>��,�g�^��'1�8$�02�m�q�{R�`�M��{�#���n�w]��ē���WA�qbq�_�/po]bD�FʣR1&�M�F�_��e���J|F��c�귿��0�Hށ�CL(���m�yX5[/��jV�U��elo�������I�G#r. Greek Alphabet and its Pronunciation. In 1947 a Bedouin shepherd named Muhammed ed-Dhib accidentally discovered three scrolls in the caves of Qumran near the Dead Sea: a complete scroll of the Book of Isaiah; the Rule of the Community (once called the Manual of Discipline), and a Commentary on Habakkuk. Note the difference in the following example: he will write becomes and he wrote by the waw-consecutive of narration. Interested readers are referred to “Appendix A – Origin of the Alphabet”. Introducing Biblical Hebrew. Handouts for Basics of Biblical Hebrew, second edition These handouts were written for Hebrew classes at Gordon-Conwell. The Ancient Hebrew Lexicon of the Bible has its own website with additional material and information such as verb charts, listing of Biblical Hebrew words in order of their frequency, common Hebrew roots and updates to the lexicon and much more. The following passage is Genesis 3:15 presented in Masoretic "pointed text." Follow these guidelines: • For each of the 22 Hebrew letters exactly as written in the boxes in Chapter 1 of the textbook. This is the ultimate Alphabet Chart, with over 20 alphabets arranged so you can easily compare Hebrew to any of the languages of Biblical and Modern times. Learn the names and numerical values of the letters. Biblica 63:351-369, 1982. The Old Hebrew and Old Greek languages had no special … - to, for. Tradition holds that Ezra employed the Aramaic square script alphabet in place of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet during the post-exilic Restoration of Israel in the fifth century BC. Most people, therefore, simply want to have a working knowledge of the biblical languages rather than trying to be a scholar in order to attain such knowledge. through ten, as seen in the presentation of the Ten Commandments of God: Two characteristics of ancient Hebrew were the pure use of consonants, and the use of an epicene personal pronoun (a personal pronoun that does not distinguish for male and female) - the same word is used for both "he" and "she." Reply When one of these letters occurs at the end of a word, it is written differently than when it appears at the beginning or in the middle of a word. - as, like;   and   לְּ For example, The following vocabulary words include a first chart of personal pronouns and a second chart of 50 words representing each letter in Masoretic Hebrew charts. To report errors in these handouts or to give other feedback, Learn the Hebrew cursive and print styles alphabet and the biblical hebrew writing style with these easy to use charts that assume you have zero knowledge of Hebrew. Note the pronunciations in the following chart: Numbers one through ten have two forms - masculine and feminine, depending on the noun to which they refer. It is written from right to left, top to bottom. A careful study of the pronunciation of the words should give one an appreciation for the phonetics of the consonants and vowels. Young’s concordance provides additional definitions. Chapter 2c – Hebrew Vowels Vowel Chart 2 Short Vowels Vowel Name Pronunciation Transliteration a-type ַּב Pathach a as in bat a e-type ֶּב Seghol e as in better e i-type ִּב Hireq i as in bitter i o-type ָּב Qamets Hatuf o as in bottle o u-type ֻּב Qibbuts u as in ruler u Basics of Biblical Hebrew For instance, the presence of "pointed text" allows biblical scholars to date manuscripts to at least the latter part of the first millennium AD. Notice that in the pronunciation column, six letters (aleph, het, tet, ayin, tsade, and shin) do not convert directly into our alphabet, and have been given symbols for transliteration, which are sometimes employed in biblical or scholarly works. Intro to Verbs . I have to practice writing the Hebrew alphabet. The individual letter used as a vowel was known as a mater. In contrast to other ancient civilizations, Hebrew Scripture referred to one God, the Lord God of Israel. 10 Brown F. Brown, Driver, Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997. Nouns in Hebrew are either masculine or feminine. There are no capital letters in Hebrew. Hebrew Alphabet Chart With Meanings Posted on: September 11, 2018 September 11, 2018 The alphabet of biblical hebrew topic 1 introduction to the wallbuilders hebrew alphabet number system table hebrew letters alphabet hubpages topic 1 introduction to the wallbuilders Biblical Hebrew verbs express either completed action known as the perfect tense, or incomplete action known as the imperfect tense. by J. Ted Blakley . This is the main body of work connected to my Synoptic Index. Number one אֶחָד may mean The Masoretic vowel points in conjunction with the mater helped to clarify and preserve the proper pronunciation, so that, for example, waw with a dot over it וֹ was pronounced as long o, and waw with a dot beside it וּ was pronounced as long u. Course Lectures and Texts, Franciscan University, Steubenville, Ohio, 2004. The alphabet and language remained pure until the Babylonian Exile in 586 BC, when, following the destruction of the Temple of Solomon in Jerusalem, spoken Hebrew came under the influence of Aramaic. Two silver amulets with the Priestly Blessing were uncovered in a burial chamber on the western slope of the Hinnom Valley in Jerusalem in 1979. For example, 1561 would start out with “aleph” which is 1. Observe that five letters, Kaf, Mem, Nun, Peh, and Tsade, have a final form when the letter occurs at the end of a word. See the Canon for further discussion of Hebrew Scripture. BBH 01 - Hebrew Alphabet.pdf. This archeological find has been dated from about 600 BC, and is pre-exilic; the amulets are inscribed in the Paleo-Hebrew consonantal text. key. The Biblical Hebrew text available to us today is thus written in the Hebrew language with the Imperial Aramaic alphabet. 7 JPS Hebrew-English Tanakh. The WLC has been transcr… The chart below is revolutionary in that it redefines 12 of the long accepted meanings behind each letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Select Option 1 to buy a copy for your personal use, or Option 2 (group license) if you would like to make multiple copies for your group, church, ministry or congregation. Charts and Tables. Hebrew was the original language of the Israelites. Hebrew Alphabet Messianic Jewish Online Messianic Judaism, Messianic Congregation, One in Messiah and the Jewish Roots of our Biblical Faith. Learning Hebrew: The Alphabet Activity Book. Masoretic Text, Fifth Edition. This use of an epicene personal pronoun הוא first appears in Genesis 2:11, occurs in Genesis 3:15, and appears 120 times throughout the Pentateuch of Moses in Hebrew Scripture, but not in the Prophets or Writings. BBH 01 - Hebrew Alphabet.pdf. And now we come to the brand new master chart on the origin of Hebrew alphabet. The perfect tense generally expresses past action, and the imperfect tense generally expresses future action. The third person feminine singular pronoun was written as הִוא in the Torah, and subsequently as הִיא. Remember Hebrew is written from right to left, so the English translation is best understood when read in similar fashion. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia, 2000. For a long time Koine Greek confused scholars because it was significantly different from Classical Greek. Soon thereafter, four more scrolls were uncovered - the Hymn Scroll, another partial scroll of Isaiah, the Genesis Apocryphon, and the War Scroll, an eschatological text that deals with the final battle between the sons of light and the sons of darkness. 9 Kohlenberger JR. NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament. The links at the end offer more passages in Hebrew for your study. For example, the plural of word (m) - דָּבָר is דְּבָרִים; the plural of matsah (f) - מַצָּה is מַצּוׄת - matsot. Accent is primarily on the last syllable. These recently discovered scrolls of the Essenes were written purely in consonants.   as they are prefixed to the word. 4 Barrick & Busenitz, A Grammar for Biblical Hebrew – Workbook D. Write the alphabet five times in the spaces provided below. The Hebrew alphabet is comprised of 24 letters and a point system that denotes vowel sounds because the alphabet itself has no vowels. The site features Torah studies and support for Jewish people who have accepted Yeshua (Jesus). Tanach This Hebrew bible has been derived from the Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC) maintained by the J. Alan Groves Center for Advanced Biblical Research (Westminster Theological Seminary) by Stephen K. Salisbury. The whole Bible (OT and NT) was written on 22+27=49 (7x7) scrolls (see Structure of the Bible). Beginning in the pre-Exilic period, the following three consonants, ה hey, ן waw, For example, Ezekiel 40:1 describes Rosh Hashanah - "in the beginning of the year," and thus reads בְּרֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה. All of these considerations help biblical scholars to date a particular Hebrew text. Chapter 1b - Hebrew Alphabet five final forms Five Hebrew letters have “final” forms. Continuity with previous language study. Waw served as a vowel and was pronounced as long o or u, whereas Yod as a vowel was pronounced as long e or i. The functions of a dagesh include: (a) to signal the doubling effect of a consonant, as in the letter p in יוֹם כִּפּוּר, Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement; or (b) to emphasize pronunciation, as the letter Bet with the dot is hard b, as in ball, whereas Bet without the dot is soft and becomes v, as in have. The 7 is a sacred number and 7x7=49 means completeness and completion. Vowels in Masoretic Hebrew Scripture are a combination of the historically long vowels, Hey, Waw, and Yod, and the Masoretic or Tiberian Vowel Points. New Discoveries Indicate Hebrew was World's Oldest Alphabet (Article) Remarkable new evidence discovered by Dr. Douglas Petrovich may change how the world understands the origins of the alphabet. Ancient Hebrew alphabet: The early Semtic Hebrew alphabet and the paleo Phoenix Hebrew (Mesha stone engraved) alphabets consist 22 letters read from right to left comparing with the modern Hebrew letters and its English translation: z f e d … The oldest Biblical Hebrew manuscript in our possession came with the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, a collection of writings from the Essenes, a monastic religious sect of Judaism that emerged near Qumran about 200 BC. Together these seven comprise the seven original Dead Sea Scrolls now preserved in Jerusalem. Several of the letters have a final form as well and are also included (such as m and ~). and syntax by reading the biblical text with the aid of standard reference works. Vowels are long or short in quality and quantity. This point system was added without altering the spacing of the text. Notice in the following chart that the majority of vowel points appear under the letter, except for long o when it occurs over and to the left of the letter. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Using this chart, you will see how Hebrew has developed over time. For example, Peh at the beginning or middle of the word has the form of פ, but at the end of a word appears as ף. Additionally, the textbook introduces the student to the standard Biblical Hebrew lexicon1 and includes an appendix on the Masoretic “accents,” which may be incorporated into the sequence of lessons at whatever point the instructor desires. charts. biblical languages an opportunity to do so without being overwhelmed with the rigors of having to learn the entire grammars of Greek and Hebrew. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1971. The word Semitic comes from the name Shem, named in Genesis (6:10) as the son of Noah, whose descendants lived in the Middle East. a. We have preserved the ancient epicene personal pronoun הוא in consonantal text, as one cannot know whether the pronoun in the original script referred to "woman" or "seed (offspring)." Hebrew Consonants Summary Page (PDF file) Mp3 Download. Shewa under the first letter of a word or syllable, or following a long vowel, is vocal, and becomes a semi-vowel, and is pronounced as half of a short e. Shewa under a letter that closes a syllable is silent. It is simply amazing of the many words in Hebrew that are the same in Both alphabets have together 22+27=49 (7x7) letters. Biblical Hebrew contains 22 letters, as noted in Psalm 119, all of which are consonants. If the number were 3561, then the first letter would be “gimel” which is the 3. This is a 51-page downloadable activity book in PDF format. Learn to recognize and write the Hebrew alphabet; Hebrew Alphabet Writing Exercise (pdf) Hebrew Alphabet Practice: Letter by Letter; Practice Saying the Hebrew Alphabet: In Letter Groups; Timed Hebrew Alphabet Recognition Drills; The System: Consonants, Silent Letters, Vowel Marks, Accent Marks The vowel points for Hey and Yod occur underneath the prior letter.